Longitudinal Sleep Study in Pregnancy: Cohort Profile and Prevalence and Risk Factors for Sleep Symptoms in the First Trimester
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area, Population and Setting
2.2. Eligibility
2.3. Cohort Size and Sampling
2.4. Variables and Study Instruments
2.4.1. Questionnaires
2.4.2. Data Extraction Forms
2.4.3. Physical Measurements
2.4.4. Definitions of Sleep Symptoms
2.4.5. Recruitment and Data Collection Procedure at Baseline and Follow-Ups
2.4.6. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
2.4.7. Ethical Approval
2.4.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Common Sleep Issues at Baseline (First Trimester)
3.2. Association of Common Sleep Issues with Gynaecological, Obstetric, Anthropometric, and Sleep Related Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||
<35 | 424 | 79.3 | |
≥35 | 111 | 20.7 | |
School education | |||
8 years or less | 33 | 6.3 | |
9–11 years | 180 | 33.7 | |
12–13 years | 322 | 60.2 | |
Tertiary education/Professional qualifications | |||
None | 242 | 45.2 | |
Certificates or diplomas | 198 | 37.0 | |
Bachelor’s degree or above | 95 | 17.8 | |
Current occupation | |||
Professional, technical, administrative, or managerial | 128 | 23.9 | |
Clerical or related | 87 | 16.3 | |
Agriculture, fisheries, or other elementary | 19 | 3.6 | |
Unemployed or housewives | 301 | 56.3 | |
Average monthly household income (LKR) 1 | |||
0–50,000 | 221 | 41.4 | |
50,001–100,000 | 225 | 42.0 | |
>100,000 | 89 | 16.6 | |
Gravidity | |||
Primigravida | 272 | 50.8 | |
Multigravida | 263 | 49.2 | |
Number of living children (n = 263) | |||
One child | 168 | 63.9 | |
Two children | 60 | 22.8 | |
Three or more children | 35 | 13.3 | |
H/O miscarriages (n = 263) | 91 | 34.6 | |
H/O stillbirths (n = 263) | 3 | 1.1 | |
Ever used contraception | 155 | 29.0 | |
Regular menstrual cycles during the preceding one year | 431 | 80.6 |
Trimester 1 (8–12 Weeks) | Trimester 2 (24–28 Weeks) | Trimester 3 (34–38 Weeks) | Postpartum (5–6 Weeks) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
BMI (kgm−2) | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 25.6 ±3.5 | 24.2 ±3.3 |
Neck circumference (cm) | 34.4 ± 3.2 | 34.9 ± 3.2 | 35.5 ± 3.1 | 35.0 ± 3.1 |
Outcome | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy-specific comorbidities | |||
Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 41 | 10.0 | |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 63 | 15.4 | |
Mode of delivery | |||
Normal vaginal delivery | 193 | 47.2 | |
Assisted delivery (Forceps/vacuum) | 9 | 2.2 | |
Caesarean section | 207 | 50.6 | |
Prolonged labour | 40 | 9.8 | |
Premature rupture of membranes | 18 | 4.4 | |
Gestational age at birth | |||
Preterm (<37 weeks) | 57 | 13.9 | |
Normal (37–40 weeks) | 345 | 84.4 | |
Post-term (>40 weeks) | 7 | 1.7 | |
Foetal outcomes | |||
Intrauterine growth restriction | 6 | 1.5 | |
Low birth weight (Birth weight < 2.5 Kg) | 71 | 17.4 | |
Neonatal intensive care unit admission | 16 | 3.9 | |
Breastfeeding not established within 30 min of birth | 36 | 8.8 | |
Postpartum outcomes | |||
Postpartum haemorrhage | 19 | 4.7 | |
Breastfeeding problems | 44 | 10.8 | |
Postpartum Infections | 4 | 1.0 | |
Deep-vein thrombosis | 2 | 0.5 |
Sleep Symptom during First Trimester | Risk Factor | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Habitual snoring | |||||
Age at menarche 1 | 1.00 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.996 | - | - | |
Duration of hormonal contraceptive use 1 | 1.00 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.131 | - | - | |
Irregular menstrual periods for one year preceding pregnancy 2 | 2.1 (1.2, 3.7) | 0.015 | 2.0 (1.1, 3.8) | 0.020 | |
Gravidity 3 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.588 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.308 | |
Neck circumference 4 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.271 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) 5 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) | <0.001 | |
Age (years) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.122 | - | - | |
Previous surgeries of nose, mouth, throat, or neck 1 | 1.3 (0.4, 4.8) | 0.644 | - | - | |
Excessive daytime sleepiness | |||||
Having trouble sleeping 6 | 1.2 (1.04, 2.7) | 0.032 | 1.6 (1.01, 2.7) | 0.042 | |
Sleep duration (hours) 7 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.651 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.453 | |
Subjective sleep quality or satisfaction with sleep 8 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.304 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.812 | |
Having trouble sleeping | |||||
Age (years) 1 | 0.9 (0.9, 0.9) | 0.033 | - | - | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) 5 | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.116 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.203 | |
Gravidity 9 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.515 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.989 | |
Moderate or severe anxiety 10 | 3.9 (2.3, 6.4) | <0.001 | 3.9 (2.4, 6.4) | <0.001 | |
Duration of sleep (hours) | |||||
Age (years) 1 | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.503 | - | - | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) 5 | 0.1 (−0.05, 0.18) | 0.286 | - | - | |
Gravidity 3 | −0.4 (−0.9, 0.01) | 0.048 | −0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) | 0.298 | |
Leg twitch/jerk in sleep 11 | −0.4 (−2.5, 1.7) | 0.731 | −0.3 (−2.4, 1.8) | 0.760 | |
Having trouble sleeping 6 | −0.8 (−2.0, 0.4) | 0.181 | −0.8 (−2.0, 0.4) | 0.187 | |
Poor subjective sleep quality or dissatisfaction with sleep | |||||
Age (years) 1 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 0.187 | - | - | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) 5 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.444 | - | - | |
Gravidity 3 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | 0.351 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.127 | |
Duration of sleep (hours) 12 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.005 |
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Senaratna, C.V.; Priyadarshanie, N.; Fernando, S.; Goonewardena, S.; Piyumanthi, P.; Perret, J.; Lodge, C.; Hamilton, G.S.; Dharmage, S.C. Longitudinal Sleep Study in Pregnancy: Cohort Profile and Prevalence and Risk Factors for Sleep Symptoms in the First Trimester. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032070
Senaratna CV, Priyadarshanie N, Fernando S, Goonewardena S, Piyumanthi P, Perret J, Lodge C, Hamilton GS, Dharmage SC. Longitudinal Sleep Study in Pregnancy: Cohort Profile and Prevalence and Risk Factors for Sleep Symptoms in the First Trimester. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032070
Chicago/Turabian StyleSenaratna, Chamara V., Nirmala Priyadarshanie, Sharaine Fernando, Sampatha Goonewardena, Pramodya Piyumanthi, Jennifer Perret, Caroline Lodge, Garun S. Hamilton, and Shyamali C. Dharmage. 2023. "Longitudinal Sleep Study in Pregnancy: Cohort Profile and Prevalence and Risk Factors for Sleep Symptoms in the First Trimester" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032070