Erosion of Granite Red Soil Slope and Processes of Subsurface Flow Generation, Prediction, and Simulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Plot Installation
2.3. Rainfall Simulation
2.4. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Surface Flow Generation
3.2. Subsurface Flow Generation
3.3. Bottom Penetration
3.4. Sediment Production
4. Discussion
4.1. Variations in Particle-Size Distribution of the Eroded Surface Soil
4.2. Characteristics of Rainfall–Flow Redistribution
4.3. Characteristics of Flow Generation
4.4. Prediction of Subsurface Flow and Bottom Penetration Generation Processes
4.5. Characteristics of Sediment Production
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Coarse sand (200–2000 μm) | g kg−1 | 486.57 ± 22.62 |
Fine sand (50–200 μm) | g kg−1 | 238.86 ± 18.74 |
Coarse silt (20–50 μm) | g kg−1 | 43.52 ± 11.66 |
Fine silt (2–20 μm) | g kg−1 | 76.51 ± 6.90 |
Clay (0–2 μm) | g kg−1 | 154.54 ± 29.0 |
Organic matter | g kg−1 | 5.29 ± 0.97 |
TN | g kg−1 | 0.37 ± 0.08 |
TP | g kg−1 | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
CEC | mol kg−1 | 11.91 ± 0.96 |
pH | 4.65 ± 2.91 |
Rainfall Intensity (mm h−1) | Initial Generation Time (min) | Peak Flow Amount (L) | Total Flow Amount (L) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Flow | Subsurface Flow | Bottom Penetration | Surface Flow | Subsurface Flow | Bottom Penetration | Surface Flow | Subsurface Flow | Bottom Penetration | |
45 | 5 | 7 | 13 | 0.51 | 0.27 | 0.47 | 10.2 | 14.5 | 15.8 |
90 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 3.50 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 89.6 | 13.1 | 10.9 |
135 | 1 | 7 | 25 | 5.38 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 153.6 | 13.2 | 9.6 |
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Ma, Y.; Li, Z.; Tian, L.; Yang, Y.; Li, W.; He, Z.; Nie, X.; Liu, Y. Erosion of Granite Red Soil Slope and Processes of Subsurface Flow Generation, Prediction, and Simulation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032104
Ma Y, Li Z, Tian L, Yang Y, Li W, He Z, Nie X, Liu Y. Erosion of Granite Red Soil Slope and Processes of Subsurface Flow Generation, Prediction, and Simulation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032104
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Yichun, Zhongwu Li, Liang Tian, Yifan Yang, Wenqing Li, Zijuan He, Xiaodong Nie, and Yaojun Liu. 2023. "Erosion of Granite Red Soil Slope and Processes of Subsurface Flow Generation, Prediction, and Simulation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032104