Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment

Conti, Clara Benedetta; Agnesi, Stefano; Scaravaglio, Miki; Masseria, Pietro; Dinelli, Marco Emilio; Oldani, Massimo; Uggeri, Fabio

doi:10.3390/ijerph20032149

Open AccessReview

Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment

by

Clara Benedetta Conti

^1,*

,

Stefano Agnesi

²

,

Miki Scaravaglio

¹,

Pietro Masseria

²

,

Marco Emilio Dinelli

¹

,

Massimo Oldani

³ and

Fabio Uggeri

²

¹

Interventional Endoscopy, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy

²

Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy

³

General Surgery Unit, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032149

Submission received: 24 December 2022 / Revised: 22 January 2023 / Accepted: 23 January 2023 / Published: 25 January 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lifestyle in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Prevention, Treatment and Survival)

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Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is a relevant public health issue as its incidence and mortality rates are growing worldwide. There are recognized carcinogen agents, such as obesity, tobacco, meat, alcohol consumption and some dietary protective factors. Strategies of early diagnosis through population-based surveillance programs have been demonstrated to be effective in lowering the morbidity and mortality related to GC in some countries. Indeed, the detection of early lesions is very important in order to offer minimally invasive treatments. Endoscopic resection is the gold standard for lesions with a low risk of lymph node metastasis, whereas surgical mini-invasive approaches can be considered in early lesions when endoscopy is not curative. This review outlines the role of lifestyle and prevention strategies for GC, in order to reduce the patients’ risk factors, implement the surveillance of precancerous conditions and, therefore, improve the diagnosis of early lesions. Furthermore, we summarize the available treatments for early gastric cancer.

Keywords: early gastric cancer; gastric cancer; endoscopic submucosal dissection; Helicobacter pylori; upper endoscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Conti, C.B.; Agnesi, S.; Scaravaglio, M.; Masseria, P.; Dinelli, M.E.; Oldani, M.; Uggeri, F. Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032149

AMA Style

Conti CB, Agnesi S, Scaravaglio M, Masseria P, Dinelli ME, Oldani M, Uggeri F. Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032149

Chicago/Turabian Style

Conti, Clara Benedetta, Stefano Agnesi, Miki Scaravaglio, Pietro Masseria, Marco Emilio Dinelli, Massimo Oldani, and Fabio Uggeri. 2023. "Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032149

APA Style

Conti, C. B., Agnesi, S., Scaravaglio, M., Masseria, P., Dinelli, M. E., Oldani, M., & Uggeri, F. (2023). Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032149

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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