Body Esteem and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Purpose of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean age (SD) | 28.84 (±5.14), range 19–41 | --- | --- |
Marital status | single | 14 | 4.94 |
married | 192 | 66.86 | |
partnership | 81 | 28.20 | |
Education | primary/professional training | 6 | 2.03 |
secondary | 77 | 26.74 | |
university degree | 204 | 71.22 | |
Place of residence | city | 214 | 74.56 |
country | 73 | 25.44 | |
Family wealth | very rich | 16 | 5.52 |
rather rich | 51 | 17.73 | |
average | 207 | 72.24 | |
rather poor | 13 | 4.51 | |
Planned pregnancy | yes | 194 | 67.59 |
no | 93 | 32.41 | |
BMI | normal | 122 | 42.59 |
overweight | 108 | 37.50 | |
obesity | 57 | 19.91 | |
Having children | no | 181 | 63.07 |
yes | 106 | 36.93 | |
Mean gestational age in weeks (SD) | 31.56 (±3.61), range 25–39 | --- | --- |
Categories | M | SD | Me | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BES | SA | 46.43 | 8.27 | 46.00 | 29.00 | 65.00 |
WC | 31.16 | 8.45 | 30.00 | 13.00 | 50.00 | |
PC | 30.65 | 6.65 | 30.00 | 19.00 | 45.00 | |
GSES | 28.81 | 5.63 | 30.00 | 10.00 | 40.00 |
Predictors | SA F = 1.977; p < 0.05; R2 = 0.162 | ||||
B | SE | β | t | p | |
(Constant) | 38.617 | 5.924 | 6.519 | 0.000 | |
Age | 0.084 | 0.182 | 0.252 | 0.459 | 0.006 |
Education | 5.818 | 2.117 | 0.334 | 2.748 | 0.007 |
Predictors | WC F = 3.407; p < 0.05; R2 = 0.140 | ||||
B | SE | β | t | p | |
(Constant) | 39.918 | 5.470 | 7.279 | 0.000 | |
Age | 0.098 | 0.185 | 0.161 | 0.528 | 0.005 |
BMI | 0.116 | 1.995 | 0.334 | 2.882 | 0.005 |
Education | 4.495 | 2.071 | 0.252 | 2.170 | 0.033 |
Predictors | PC F = 2.346; p < 0.05; R2= 0.121 | ||||
B | SE | β | t | p | |
(Constant) | 25.068 | 4.350 | 5.763 | 0.000 | |
Age | 0.125 | 0.149 | 0.096 | 0.832 | 0.004 |
Education | 2.991 | 1.620 | 0.213 | 1.846 | 0.006 |
Predictors | GSES F = 2.249; p < 0.001; R2= 0.094 | ||||
B | SE | β | t | p | |
(Constant) | 25.244 | 3.909 | 6.458 | 0.000 | |
Age | 0.107 | 0.129 | 0.098 | 0.824 | 0.014 |
Perceived family wealth | −1.628 | 1.378 | −0.136 | −1.182 | 0.024 |
Planned pregnancy | 2.548 | 1.357 | 0.221 | 1.878 | 0.046 |
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Bień, A.; Pieczykolan, A.; Korżyńska-Piętas, M.; Grzesik-Gąsior, J. Body Esteem and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032171
Bień A, Pieczykolan A, Korżyńska-Piętas M, Grzesik-Gąsior J. Body Esteem and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032171
Chicago/Turabian StyleBień, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Pieczykolan, Magdalena Korżyńska-Piętas, and Joanna Grzesik-Gąsior. 2023. "Body Esteem and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032171