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Review

Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review

by
Parveen Kumar
1,*,
Christophe Arendt
2,
Simon Martin
1,
Safaa Al Soufi
1,
Philipp DeLeuw
3,
Eike Nagel
1 and
Valentina O. Puntmann
1
1
Institute of Experimental and Translational Cardiac Imaging, DZHK, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3
Infektiologikum, 60590 Frankfurt-am Main, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032201
Submission received: 21 December 2022 / Revised: 17 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 January 2023 / Published: 26 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Imaging and Cardiomyopathies)
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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and increased life expectancy, approaching that of the general population. However, people living with HIV have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases despite long-term viral suppression using ART. HIV-associated cardiovascular complications encompass a broad spectrum of diseases that involve the myocardium, pericardium, coronary arteries, valves, and systemic and pulmonary vasculature. Traditional risk stratification tools do not accurately predict cardiovascular risk in this population. Multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of various HIV-related cardiovascular complications. Here, we emphasize the role of multimodality imaging in establishing the diagnosis and aetiopathogenesis of various cardiovascular manifestations related to chronic HIV disease. This review also provides a critical appraisal of contemporary data and illustrative cases.
Keywords: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; human immunodeficiency virus; myocarditis cardiovascular magnetic resonance; human immunodeficiency virus; myocarditis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kumar, P.; Arendt, C.; Martin, S.; Al Soufi, S.; DeLeuw, P.; Nagel, E.; Puntmann, V.O. Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032201

AMA Style

Kumar P, Arendt C, Martin S, Al Soufi S, DeLeuw P, Nagel E, Puntmann VO. Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032201

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumar, Parveen, Christophe Arendt, Simon Martin, Safaa Al Soufi, Philipp DeLeuw, Eike Nagel, and Valentina O. Puntmann. 2023. "Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032201

APA Style

Kumar, P., Arendt, C., Martin, S., Al Soufi, S., DeLeuw, P., Nagel, E., & Puntmann, V. O. (2023). Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032201

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