Comparison of Functional Outcomes between Supervised Rehabilitation and Telerehabilitation in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. Isokinetic Knee Muscle Strength and Muscle Activation Time
2.3. Isometric Hip Muscle Strength
2.4. Patient-Reported Outcomes
2.5. Conservative Rehabilitation Protocol and Interventions
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Muscle Strength and Muscle Activation Time between the Two Groups
3.2. Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes between the Two Groups
3.3. Comparison of Muscle Strength, Muscle Activation Time, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Each Group
3.4. Correlations between Adherence Rate and Rate of Change in Muscle Strength, Muscle Activation Time, and Patient-Reported Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Supervised-Rehab Group (n = 30) | Tele-Rehab Group (n = 31) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (male/female) | 0/30 | 0/31 | |
Age (years) | 27.0 ± 2.39 | 26.96 ± 5.99 | 0.753 |
Height (cm) | 160.49 ± 4.83 | 159.88 ± 6.11 | 0.670 |
Weight (kg) | 56.64 ± 7.67 | 56.51 ± 11.56 | 0.788 |
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) | 21.92 ± 2.76 | 22.04 ± 3.62 | 0.448 |
Pain duration (month) | 26.14 ± 15.94 | 27.45 ± 22.46 | 0.753 |
Tegner activity scale | 4.32 ± 0.82 | 4.25 ± 1.40 | 0.484 |
Adherence rate (%) | 98.8 ± 0.3 | 98.5 ± 0.3 | 0.689 |
Injured side (right/left) | 15/15 | 16/15 | |
Leg dominance | 27/3 | 27/4 |
Supervised-Rehab Group | Tele-Rehab Group | MD (95% CI) | Effect Size | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamstring strength | Pre-intervention | 71.6 ± 18.8 | 75.3 ± 19.8 | −3.7 (−13.5 to 6.2) | −0.191 | 0.467 |
Post-intervention | 87.3 ± 19.2 | 93.2 ± 20.4 | −5.9 (−16.1 to 4.2) | −0.297 | 0.251 | |
MD (95% CI) | −15.6 (−18.6 to −12.7) | −17.9 (−22.3 to −13.6) | ||||
Effect size | −0.826 | −0.890 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||||
Quadriceps strength | Pre-intervention | 146.6 ± 42.9 | 139.6 ± 41.2 | 7.0 (−4.4 to 28.6) | 0.166 | 0.318 |
Post-intervention | 189.5 ± 48.9 | 174.7 ± 40.2 | 14.8 (−8.0 to 37.7) | 0.330 | 0.200 | |
MD (95% CI) | −42.8 (−51.4 to −34.2) | −45.1 (−63.31 to −26.9) | ||||
Effect size | −0.932 | −0.862 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||||
Hip strength | Pre-intervention | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0 (−0.1 to 0) | 0 | 0.471 |
Post-intervention | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0 (−0.1 to 0) | 0 | 0.700 | |
MD (95% CI) | −0.1 (−0.1 to 0) | −0.1 (−0.1 to 0) | ||||
Effect size | −1.999 | −1.999 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||||
Hamstring AT | Pre-intervention | 93.3 ± 21.3 | 88.3 ± 18.2 | 5.0 (−5.2 to 15.1) | 0.252 | 0.335 |
Post-intervention | 72.6 ± 20.1 | 66.4 ± 19.9 | 6.2 (−4.0 to 16.4) | 0.309 | 0.231 | |
MD (95% CI) | 20.6 (10.4 to 30.9) | 21.9 (15.5 to 28.3) | ||||
Effect size | 0.999 | 1.148 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||||
Quadriceps AT | Pre-intervention | 99.3 ± 25.7 | 92.9 ± 24.9 | 6.4 (−6.5 to 19.4) | 0.252 | 0.325 |
Post-intervention | 64.0 ± 19.0 | 56.4 ± 18.5 | 7.6 (−2.0 to 17.1) | 0.405 | 0.122 | |
MD (95% CI) | 35.3 (26.4 to 44.1) | 36.4 (28.0 to 44.8) | ||||
Effect size | 1.561 | 1.664 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
Supervised-Rehab Group | Tele-Rehab Group | MD (95% CI) | Effect Size | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS score | Pre-intervention | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | −0.1 (−3.8 to 3.4) | −0.142 | 0.903 |
Post-intervention | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.1 (−2.9 to 5.4) | 0.130 | 0.547 | |
MD (95% CI) | 21.5 (18.7 to 24.4) | 23.0 (19.5 to 26.5) | ||||
Effect size | 3.374 | 2.976 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||||
AKPS score | Pre-intervention | 65.7 ± 3.9 | 63.9 ± 7.9 | 1.8 (−1.4 to 5.0) | 0.288 | 0.262 |
Post-intervention | 77.5 ± 4.3 | 78.9 ± 6.4 | −1.4 (−4.3 to 1.3) | −0.256 | 0.304 | |
MD (95% CI) | −11.7 (−13.8 to −9.6) | −15.0 (−18.2 to −11.8) | ||||
Effect size | 2.874 | −2.086 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||||
TSK-11 score | Pre-intervention | 32.4 ± 7.2 | 33.3 ± 3.7 | −0.9 (−3.9 to 1.9) | −0.157 | 0.503 |
Post-intervention | 21.1 ± 2.7 | 20.7 ± 3.6 | 0.4 (−1.2 to 2.0) | 0.125 | 0.638 | |
MD (95% CI) | 11.3 (8.7 to 13.8) | 12.6 (11.0 to 14.2) | ||||
Effect size | 2.078 | 3.451 | ||||
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
Parameters | Supervised-Rehab Group | Tele-Rehab Group | |
---|---|---|---|
Adherence Rate | Adherence Rate | ||
Hamstring strength | PCC (r) | −0.111 | 0.174 |
p-value | 0.559 | 0.350 | |
Quadriceps strength | PCC (r) | 0.516 | 0.637 |
p-value | 0.002 * | 0.001 * | |
Hip strength | PCC (r) | 0.494 | −0.086 |
p-value | 0.006 * | 0.644 | |
Hamstring AT | PCC (r) | −0.283 | −0.266 |
p-value | 0.129 | 0.148 | |
Quadriceps AT | PCC (r) | 0.432 | 0.371 |
p-value | 0.021 * | 0.040 * | |
VAS score | PCC (r) | 0.091 | 0.368 |
p-value | 0.634 | 0.042 * | |
AKPS score | PCC (r) | 0.650 | 0.456 |
p-value | 0.001 * | 0.010 * | |
TSK-11 score | PCC (r) | 0.444 | 0.509 |
p-value | 0.014 * | 0.003 * |
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Lee, J.H.; Shin, K.H.; Lee, G.B.; Son, S.; Jang, K.-M. Comparison of Functional Outcomes between Supervised Rehabilitation and Telerehabilitation in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032233
Lee JH, Shin KH, Lee GB, Son S, Jang K-M. Comparison of Functional Outcomes between Supervised Rehabilitation and Telerehabilitation in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032233
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jin Hyuck, Ki Hun Shin, Gyu Bin Lee, Seiwook Son, and Ki-Mo Jang. 2023. "Comparison of Functional Outcomes between Supervised Rehabilitation and Telerehabilitation in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032233