Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Older Adults over a 16-Year Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Interplay between Mental Well-Being and Illness
1.2. Limitations of Prior Research
1.3. Mental Health in Older Adulthood
1.4. The Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Availability
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Interplay between Mental Well-Being and Depressive Symptoms
5. Implications
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- I feel that what happens to me is out of my control
- I feel free to plan for the future
- I feel left out of things
- I can do the things I want to do
- I look forward to each day
- I feel that my life has meaning
- I choose to do things that I have never done before
- I feel that life is full of opportunities
- I feel that the future looks good to me
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Eudaimonic | Life Satisfaction | Depressive | |
---|---|---|---|
Valid | 8271 | 8270 | 9220 |
Missing | 11,536 | 11,537 | 10,587 |
Mean | 3.206 | 5.259 | 1.575 |
Std. Deviation | 0.554 | 1.234 | 1.959 |
Skewness | −0.918 | −1.068 | 1.448 |
Std. Error of Skewness | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.026 |
Kurtosis | 0.649 | 0.822 | 1.389 |
Std. Error of Kurtosis | 0.054 | 0.054 | 0.051 |
Minimum | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
Maximum | 4.000 | 7.000 | 8.000 |
Cronbach’s alpha | 0.827 | 0.896 | 0.789 |
Eudaimonic | Satisfaction | Depressive | Age | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eudaimonic | 1 | ||||
Life satisfaction | 0.618 *** | 1 | |||
Depressive | −0.514 *** | −0.446 *** | 1 | ||
Age | 0.143 *** | −0.035 ** | −0.079 *** | 1 | |
Female | −0.004 | −0.015 | 0.127 *** | 0.029 *** | 1 |
Number of missing waves | −0.169 *** | −0.038 ** | 0.106 *** | −0.001 | −0.044 *** |
Eudaimonic 1 | Satisfaction 1 | Depressive 1 | Eudaimonic 8 | Satisfaction 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eudaimonic 1 | -- | ||||
Life satisfaction 1 | 0.618 | -- | |||
Depressive 1 | −0.514 | −0.446 | -- | ||
Eudaimonic 8 | 0.503 | 0.398 | −0.267 | -- | |
Life satisfaction 8 | 0.401 | 0.533 | −0.268 | 0.648 | -- |
Depressive 8 | −0.356 | −0.278 | 0.369 | −0.533 | −0.458 |
Predictor | Outcome | Unstandardized Coefficient | p | 95% CI | Standardized Coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Up | |||||
Auto-regressive | ||||||
Eudaimonic | Eudaimonic | 0.184 | 0.000 | 0.165 | 0.204 | 0.208 |
Life satisfaction | Life satisfaction | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.180 | 0.219 | 0.183 |
Depressive | Depressive | 0.126 | 0.000 | 0.110 | 0.143 | 0.128 |
Cross-lagged | ||||||
Life satisfaction | Eudaimonic | 0.039 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 0.046 | 0.097 |
Depressive | Eudaimonic | −0.011 | 0.000 | −0.014 | −0.008 | −0.051 |
Depressive | Life satisfaction | −0.033 | 0.000 | −0.041 | −0.025 | −0.055 |
Eudaimonic | Life satisfaction | 0.248 | 0.000 | 0.209 | 0.287 | 0.104 |
Eudaimonic | Depressive | −0.238 | 0.000 | −0.296 | −0.180 | −0.061 |
Life satisfaction | Depressive | −0.093 | 0.000 | −0.118 | −0.068 | −0.051 |
Trait covariances | ||||||
Eudaimonic | Life satisfaction | 0.365 | 0.000 | 0.352 | 0.378 | 0.785 |
Life satisfaction | Depressive | −0.907 | 0.000 | −0.950 | −0.864 | −0.649 |
Depressive | Eudaimonic | −0.487 | 0.000 | −0.507 | −0.467 | −0.775 |
State covariances (time point 1) | ||||||
Eudaimonic | Life satisfaction | 0.132 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.145 | 0.448 |
Life satisfaction | Depressive | −0.327 | 0.000 | −0.374 | −0.279 | −0.280 |
Depressive | Eudaimonic | −0.158 | 0.000 | −0.177 | −0.138 | −0.295 |
State covariances (time point 2) | ||||||
Eudaimonic | Life satisfaction | 0.130 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.140 | 0.497 |
Life satisfaction | Depressive | −0.311 | 0.000 | −0.352 | −0.269 | −0.261 |
Depressive | Eudaimonic | −0.109 | 0.000 | −0.124 | −0.094 | −0.247 |
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Joshanloo, M.; Blasco-Belled, A. Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Older Adults over a 16-Year Period. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032374
Joshanloo M, Blasco-Belled A. Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Older Adults over a 16-Year Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032374
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoshanloo, Mohsen, and Ana Blasco-Belled. 2023. "Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Older Adults over a 16-Year Period" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032374