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Article

Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria

by
Neice Muller Xavier Faria
1,*,
Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
2,
Nadia Spada Fiori
1,
Maria Laura Vidal Carret
1,
Carlos Augusto Mello-da-Silva
3 and
Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
1
1
Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96030-000, Brazil
2
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil
3
Poison Information Center (CIT/RS), State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042818
Submission received: 21 December 2022 / Revised: 25 January 2023 / Accepted: 1 February 2023 / Published: 5 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental and Occupational Health in Brazil)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Brazil is one of the world’s largest pesticide consumers, but information on pesticide poisoning among workers is scarce. Objective: To evaluate acute pesticide poisoning among tobacco growers, according to different criteria. Methods: This was a two-step cross-sectional study with 492 pesticide applicators. It used a 25 question pesticide-related symptoms (PRS) questionnaire and medical diagnosis for comparison with toxicological assessment. Associations were evaluated using Poisson regression. Results: 10.6% reported two or more PRS, while 8.1% reported three or more. Furthermore, 12.2% received a medical diagnosis of poisoning. According to toxicologists, possible cases accounted for 14.2% and probable cases for 4.3%. PRS increased during the period of greater exposure. Those exposed to dithiocarbamates, sulfentrazone, pyrethroids, fipronil and iprodione exhibited more PRS. The number of exposure types, multi-chemical exposure, clothes wet with pesticides and spillage on the body/clothes were associated with acute poisonings. All criteria showed sensitivity greater than 79% for probable cases but only greater than 70% for medical diagnosis when compared to possible cases, presenting substantial Kappa agreement. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning is much higher than officially recorded. Trained physicians can screen for pesticide poisoning. It is necessary to improve workers’ education to reduce pesticide use and exposure to them.
Keywords: pesticide; poisoning; epidemiology; toxicology; tobacco; farmer pesticide; poisoning; epidemiology; toxicology; tobacco; farmer

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Faria, N.M.X.; Meucci, R.D.; Fiori, N.S.; Carret, M.L.V.; Mello-da-Silva, C.A.; Fassa, A.G. Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042818

AMA Style

Faria NMX, Meucci RD, Fiori NS, Carret MLV, Mello-da-Silva CA, Fassa AG. Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042818

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faria, Neice Muller Xavier, Rodrigo Dalke Meucci, Nadia Spada Fiori, Maria Laura Vidal Carret, Carlos Augusto Mello-da-Silva, and Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa. 2023. "Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042818

APA Style

Faria, N. M. X., Meucci, R. D., Fiori, N. S., Carret, M. L. V., Mello-da-Silva, C. A., & Fassa, A. G. (2023). Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042818

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