Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors among College Students in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Participants
2.4. Measures
2.5. Outcomes
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Ethics Approval
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. Factors Associated with Complete COVID-19 Vaccination
3.3. Factors Associated with Uptake of COVID-19 Booster
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 1388 | 35.44 |
Female | 2528 | 64.56 |
Age (year) | ||
16–23 | 3254 | 83.09 |
≥24 | 662 | 16.91 |
Ethnicity | ||
Han | 3618 | 92.39 |
Others | 298 | 7.61 |
College location a | ||
East | 1269 | 32.41 |
Central | 2137 | 54.57 |
West | 371 | 9.47 |
North-east | 139 | 3.55 |
Education | ||
Junior college student/ Undergraduate student | 3528 | 90.09 |
Graduate student | 388 | 9.91 |
Major | ||
Medical | 864 | 22.06 |
Non-medical | 3052 | 77.94 |
Family monthly income (CNY b) | ||
<10,000 | 3140 | 80.18 |
10,000–20,000 | 639 | 16.32 |
>20,000 | 137 | 3.50 |
Vaccination | ||
Unvaccinated | 20 | 0.51 |
Vaccinated | 3896 | 99.49 |
Characteristics | N | Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incomplete Vaccination (%) | Complete Vaccination (%) | p | AOR | 95% CI | p | ||
Overall | 3896 | 18.04 | 81.96 | ||||
Gender | <0.001 * | ||||||
Male | 1377 | 23.17 | 76.83 | Ref | |||
Female | 2519 | 15.24 | 84.75 | 1.62 | 1.35–1.94 | <0.001 * | |
Age (year) | <0.001 * | ||||||
16–23 | 3240 | 16.82 | 83.18 | Ref | |||
≥24 | 656 | 24.09 | 75.91 | 0.72 | 0.57–0.90 | 0.004 * | |
Ethnicity | 0.53 | ||||||
Han | 3602 | 17.93 | 82.07 | ||||
Others | 294 | 19.39 | 80.61 | ||||
College location a | <0.001 * | ||||||
West | 369 | 13.01 | 86.99 | Ref | |||
North-east | 136 | 36.76 | 63.24 | 0.35 | 0.22–0.58 | <0.001 * | |
East | 1259 | 21.68 | 78.32 | 0.94 | 0.65–1.35 | 0.72 | |
Central | 2132 | 15.57 | 84.43 | 1.33 | 0.92–1.92 | 0.13 | |
Education | 0.14 | ||||||
Junior college student/ Undergraduate student | 3511 | 17.74 | 82.26 | ||||
Graduate student | 385 | 20.78 | 79.22 | ||||
Major | <0.001 * | ||||||
Medical | 862 | 13.46 | 86.54 | Ref | |||
Non-medical | 3034 | 19.35 | 80.65 | 0.47 | 0.37–0.61 | <0.001 * | |
Family monthly income (CNY b) | 0.007 * | ||||||
<10,000 | 3126 | 17.08 | 82.92 | Ref | |||
10,000–20,000 | 634 | 21.77 | 78.23 | 0.86 | 0.68–1.08 | 0.19 | |
>20,000 | 136 | 22.79 | 77.21 | 0.82 | 0.53–1.28 | 0.39 | |
Type of received vaccine | <0.001 * | ||||||
Adenovirus vector vaccine c | 254 | 21.65 | 78.35 | Ref | |||
Inactivated vaccine d | 2472 | 24.47 | 75.53 | 0.84 | 0.61–1.16 | 0.29 | |
Recombinant subunit vaccine e | 1170 | 3.68 | 96.32 | 8.05 | 5.21–12.45 | <0.001 * |
Characteristics | N | Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
without Booster (%) | with Booster (%) | p | AOR | 95% CI | p | ||
Overall | 2607 | 20.75 | 79.25 | ||||
Gender | <0.001 * | ||||||
Male | 854 | 26.46 | 73.54 | Ref | |||
Female | 1753 | 17.97 | 82.03 | 1.51 | 1.23–1.85 | <0.001 * | |
Age (year) | 0.005 * | ||||||
16–23 | 2203 | 19.79 | 80.21 | Ref | |||
≥24 | 404 | 26.99 | 74.01 | 0.77 | 0.59–1.00 | 0.051 | |
Ethnicity | 0.56 | ||||||
Han | 2452 | 20.64 | 79.36 | ||||
Others | 155 | 22.58 | 77.42 | ||||
College location a | <0.001 * | ||||||
West | 190 | 17.89 | 82.11 | Ref | |||
North-east | 99 | 43.43 | 56.57 | 0.28 | 0.16–0.49 | <0.001 * | |
East | 813 | 22.14 | 77.86 | 0.99 | 0.65–1.52 | 0.98 | |
Central | 1505 | 18.87 | 81.13 | 1.10 | 0.72–1.68 | 0.66 | |
Education | 0.30 | ||||||
Junior college student/ Undergraduate student | 2349 | 20.48 | 79.52 | ||||
Graduate student | 258 | 23.26 | 76.74 | ||||
Major | 0.004 * | ||||||
Medical | 604 | 16.56 | 83.44 | Ref | |||
Non-medical | 2003 | 22.02 | 78.98 | 0.56 | 0.43–0.73 | <0.001 * | |
Family monthly income (CNY b) | 0.01 * | ||||||
<10,000 | 2100 | 19.62 | 80.38 | Ref | |||
10,000–20,000 | 414 | 24.88 | 75.12 | 0.81 | 0.63–1.05 | 0.12 | |
>20,000 | 93 | 27.96 | 72.04 | 0.65 | 0.40–1.06 | 0.08 | |
Type of received vaccine | 0.71 | ||||||
Adenovirus vector vaccine c | 254 | 21.65 | 78.35 | ||||
Inactivated vaccine d | 2353 | 20.65 | 79.34 |
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Xu, X.; Bian, J.; Guo, Z.; Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Wang, B.; Sun, Y.; Meng, X.; Zou, H. Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors among College Students in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042951
Xu X, Bian J, Guo Z, Li X, Zhang W, Wang B, Sun Y, Meng X, Zou H. Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors among College Students in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042951
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Xuelian, Junye Bian, Zhihui Guo, Xinyi Li, Weijie Zhang, Bingyi Wang, Yinghui Sun, Xiaojun Meng, and Huachun Zou. 2023. "Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors among College Students in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042951