Association between Polymorphisms of Hemochromatosis (HFE), Blood Lead (Pb) Levels, and DNA Oxidative Damage in Battery Workers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Blood Collection
2.2. Blood Lead Levels (BLL) and Plasma Lead Levels (PLL) Determination
2.3. Biochemical Parameters Related to the Redox Status
2.4. Determination of Urinary Levels of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine
2.5. Genotyping Assays
2.6. Data Interpretation
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Variables | N | Mean ± SD | Median | Quartiles | Range | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25% | 50% | 75% | |||||
Age (years) | 236 | 38 ± 10 | 38 | 30 | 38 | 45 | 18–69 |
BMI (kg (m2)−1) | 231 | 27 ± 3.9 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 29 | - |
Smoking (yes) | 236 (39) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Alcohol (yes) | 232 (79) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Milk and dairy products a | 232 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
low intake | 103 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
high intake | 129 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Exposure duration (months) | 236 | 37 ± 46 | 19 | 12 | 19 | 48 | 1.0–324 |
BLL (µg dL−1) | 236 | 21 ± 12 | 20 | 12 | 20 | 30 | 1.8–52 |
PLL (µg dL−1) | 236 | 0.60 ± 0.70 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.40 | 0.77 | 0.10–61 |
CAT (κ g hemoglobin−1 min−1 | 236 | 124 ± 59.0 | 112 | 92 | 112 | 139 | 9.00–486 |
GSH (µmol mL blood−1) | 235 | 0.44 ± 0.14 | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.080–1.0 |
GPX (nmol NADPH min−1 mL blood−1) | 235 | 6.5 ± 3.0 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 8. | 0.96–14 |
8-OHdG (µg g creatinine−1) | 225 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 0.69–24 |
HFE rs1799945 (C → G) b | 232 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
CC | 185 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
CG + GG | 47 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
HFE rs1800562 (G → A) c | 232 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
GG | 221 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
GA | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Variables | BLL d | PLL c | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
β e | p | β e | p | |
Age | −0.0020 | 0.75 | −0.0010 | 0.92 |
BMI | −0.11 | 0.13 | −0.14 | 0.050 |
Smoking a | - | - | - | - |
yes | - | - | - | - |
no | −0.16 | 0.39 | −0.32 | 0.080 |
Alcohol a | - | - | - | - |
yes | - | - | - | - |
no | 0.0020 | 0.99 | 0.036 | 0.79 |
MDP b | ||||
low intake | 0.10 | 0.44 | 0.083 | 0.53 |
high intake | - | - | ||
Exposure duration c | 0.11 | 0.045 | 0.10 | 0.060 |
HFE rs1799945 (C → G) | - | - | - | - |
CC | - | - | - | - |
CG + GG | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.043 |
HFE rs1800562 (G → A) | - | - | - | - |
GG | - | - | - | - |
GA | −0.40 | 0.27 | −0.31 | 0.39 |
Variables | Model 1 (BLL) | Model 2 (PLL) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
8-OHdG c | 8-OHdG c | |||
β d | p | β d | p | |
Age | 0.0010 | 0.91 | 0.0010 | 0.92 |
BMI | −0.0050 | 0.79 | −0.0010 | 0.94 |
Smoking a | - | - | - | - |
yes | - | - | - | - |
no | −0.13 | 0.50 | −0.091 | 0.62 |
Alcohol a | - | - | - | - |
yes | - | - | - | - |
no | −0.073 | 0.61 | −0.080 | 0.57 |
Exposure duration b | 0.029 | 0.69 | 0.018 | 0.81 |
BLL c | 0.13 | 0.056 | - | - |
PLL b | - | - | 0.19 | 0.0060 |
CAT c | 0.057 | 0.44 | 0.058 | 0.42 |
GSH | 0.28 | 0.58 | 0.29 | 0.57 |
GPX b | 0.037 | 0.61 | 0.030 | 0.67 |
HFE rs1799945 (C → G) | - | - | - | - |
CC | - | - | - | - |
CG + GG | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.16 |
HFE rs1800562 (G → A) | - | - | - | - |
GG | - | - | - | - |
GA | 0.77 | 0.052 | 0.78 | 0.046 |
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Gomes, W.R.; Devóz, P.P.; Rocha, B.A.; Grotto, D.; Serpeloni, J.M.; Batista, B.L.; Asimakopoulos, A.G.; Kannan, K.; Barbosa Jr., F.; Barcelos, G.R.M. Association between Polymorphisms of Hemochromatosis (HFE), Blood Lead (Pb) Levels, and DNA Oxidative Damage in Battery Workers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043513
Gomes WR, Devóz PP, Rocha BA, Grotto D, Serpeloni JM, Batista BL, Asimakopoulos AG, Kannan K, Barbosa Jr. F, Barcelos GRM. Association between Polymorphisms of Hemochromatosis (HFE), Blood Lead (Pb) Levels, and DNA Oxidative Damage in Battery Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043513
Chicago/Turabian StyleGomes, Willian Robert, Paula Pícoli Devóz, Bruno Alves Rocha, Denise Grotto, Juliana Mara Serpeloni, Bruno Lemos Batista, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Fernando Barbosa Jr., and Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos. 2023. "Association between Polymorphisms of Hemochromatosis (HFE), Blood Lead (Pb) Levels, and DNA Oxidative Damage in Battery Workers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043513