Public Support for Nutrition-Related Actions by Food Companies in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Findings from the 2020 International Food Policy Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sampling
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Support for Food Company Action
2.2.2. Sociodemographic Variables
2.3. Data Management and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Support for Food Company Action
3.3. Support for Food Company Actions by Sociodemographic Characteristics
4. Discussion
Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food composition |
|
Food labelling |
|
Food Promotion |
|
Sex | |
Male | 49.1% |
Female | 51.0% |
Age | |
18–29 | 21.1% |
30–44 | 26.9% |
45–59 | 23.9% |
60+ | 28.1% |
Education | |
Low | 41.9% |
Medium | 32.0% |
High | 25.5% |
Not stated | 0.5% |
Household Income | |
Less than AUD 10,000 | 3.0% |
AUD 10,000 to less than AUD 20,000 | 4.7% |
AUD 20,000 to less than AUD 30,000 | 11.6% |
AUD 30,000 to less than AUD 40,000 | 8.8% |
AUD 40,000 to less than AUD 50,000 | 8.0% |
AUD 50,000 to less than AUD 60,000 | 9.1% |
AUD 60,000 to less than AUD 70,000 | 7.3% |
AUD 70,000 to less than AUD 80,000 | 5.7% |
AUD 80,000 to less than AUD 90,000 | 5.3% |
AUD 90,000 to less than AUD 100,000 | 5.3% |
AUD 100,000 to less than AUD 150,000 | 13.9% |
AUD 150,000 and over | 8.7% |
Not stated | 8.6% |
BMI (kg/m2) | |
<18.5–24.9 | 35.8% |
25–29.9 | 26.9% |
>30 | 21.9% |
Missing data | 15.5% |
Parental Status | |
No Children | 58.4% |
Has Children | 41.6% |
Not stated | 0.1% |
Amount of food shopping responsibility | |
None | 2.5% |
Some | 7.3% |
Equal | 24.7% |
Most | 65.3% |
Not stated | 0.3% |
Health of Diet | |
Poor | 5.8% |
Fair | 23.9% |
Good | 44.3% |
Very Good | 20.9% |
Excellent | 3.8% |
Not stated | 1.4% |
Food Companies Have a Responsibility to Make Food and Drinks Healthier for Consumers (e.g., by Reducing Salt/Sugar/ Saturated Fat). | Food Companies Should Clearly Display the Health Star Rating on the Packaging of ALL Food And Drinks. | Food Companies Should Only Make Nutrition Claims (e.g., Low in Fat) on Products That Are Healthy Overall. | Food Companies Should Not Place Cartoon Characters or Other Images That Appeal to Children on Product Packaging for Unhealthy Food and Drinks | Food Companies Should not Advertise Unhealthy Food and Drinks on TV at Times When Children and Teenagers Are Likely to Be Watching. | Food Companies Should Not Target Children and Teenagers with Online ads for Unhealthy Food and Drinks. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR, [99% CI] | OR, [95% CI] | OR, [95% CI] | OR, [95% CI] | OR, [95% CI] | OR, [95% CI] | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Female | 1.02 (0.57, 1.83) | 1.22 (0.73, 2.04) | 1.22 (0.73, 2.04) | 1.38 (0.83, 2.29) | 0.88 (0.54, 1.46) | 1.85 (1.01, 3.41) |
Age | ||||||
18–29 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
30–44 | 0.85 (0.37, 1.97) | 1.14 (0.50, 2.62) | 1.00 (0.47, 2.11) | 1.32 (0.65, 2.66) | 1.63 (0.76, 3.51) | 1.13 (0.48, 2.68) |
45–59 | 1.05 (0.45, 2.44) | 1.59 (0.58, 4.33) | 1.28 (0.57, 2.88) | 1.20 (0.58, 2.49) | 1.86 (0.85, 4.08) | 1.41 (0.58, 3.44) |
60+ | 2.22 (0.88, 5.57) | 1.58 (0.60, 4.14) | 1.49 (0.65, 3.41) | 2.75 (1.24, 6.12) | 2.72 (1.24, 5.95) | 3.49 (1.38, 8.81) |
Education Level | ||||||
Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Medium | 1.51 (0.79, 2.90) | 0.86 (0.43, 1.70) | 1.41 (0.79, 2.51) | 1.08 (0.61, 1.94) | 0.89 (0.52, 1.54) | 1.41 (0.69, 2.89) |
High | 0.98 (0.46, 2.12) | 1.07 (0.48, 2.39) | 1.59 (0.78, 3.26) | 0.74 (0.38, 1.41) | 1.22 (0.62, 2.42) | 2.36 (1.06, 5.22) |
Equivalised Household Income | ||||||
Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Medium | 1.06 (0.55, 2.04) | 0.64 (0.31, 1.33) | 1.15 (0.63, 2.09) | 1.36 (0.73, 2.54) | 1.34 (0.76, 2.36) | 0.74 (0.34, 1.63) |
High | 1.5 (0.71, 3.17) | 0.86 (0.41, 1.82) | 0.96 (0.51, 1.79) | 1.35 (0.73, 2.50) | 1.61 (0.84, 3.06) | 0.59 (0.26, 1.34) |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
≤24.9 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
25–29.9 | 0.96 (0.45, 2.02) | 1.03 (0.49, 2.14) | 0.88 (0.47, 1.67) | 1.57 (0.82, 2.99) | 1.17 (0.63, 2.17) | 1.15 (0.55, 2.40) |
>30 | 0.64 (0.30, 1.36) | 1.16 (0.49, 2.76) | 1.35 (0.67, 2.72) | 1.16 (0.60, 2.25) | 1.08 (0.57, 2.06) | 1.21 (0.53, 2.77) |
Missing data | 0.49 (0.21, 1.14) | 0.68 (0.27, 1.73) | 1.25 (0.59, 2.65) | 0.72 (0.32, 1.61) | 0.99 (0.45, 2.17) | 0.68 (0.28, 1.67) |
Parental Status | ||||||
No Children | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Children | 0.79 (0.44, 1.43) | 0.57 (0.30, 1.10) | 1.22 (0.70, 2.14) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.63) | 1.25 (0.73, 2.12) | 0.88 (0.47, 1.67) |
Amount of food shopping responsibility | ||||||
Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Some | 1.38 (0.21, 9.04) | 2.43 (0.37, 15.92) | 1.88 (0.34, 10.45) | 0.92 (0.09, 9.63) | 0.94 (0.18, 4.93) | 0.41 (0.04, 4.34) |
Equal | 2.15 (0.39, 11.87) | 2.70 (0.53, 13.83) | 1.95 (0.45, 8.43) | 1.25 (0.13, 11.79) | 0.63 (0.14, 2.82) | 0.68 (0.07, 6.58) |
Most | 3.93 (0.73, 21.12) | 3.08 (0.61, 15.53) | 2.34 (0.56, 9.83) | 1.64 (0.18, 15.17) | 1.36 (0.31, 5.99) | 0.91 (0.10, 8.43) |
Health of Diet | ||||||
Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Fair | 1.27 (0.32, 5.03) | 0.28 (0.04, 2.09) | 0.56 (0.19, 1.61) | 1.14 (0.40, 3.24) | 0.57 (0.16, 2.02) | 1.26 (0.39, 4.05) |
Good | 1.43 (0.38, 5.38) | 0.24 (0.03, 1.78) | 0.79 (0.29, 2.20) | 0.92 (0.33, 2.59) | 0.70 (0.20, 2.38) | 1.33 (0.44, 4.02) |
Very Good | 1.91 (0.46, 8.04) | 0.24 (0.03, 1.93) | 1.34 (0.43, 4.20) | 1.01 (0.34, 3.04) | 0.92 (0.25, 3.39) | 1.80 (0.54, 6.07) |
Excellent | 1.00 (0.15, 6.47) | 0.34 (0.02, 4.66) | 2.26 (0.40, 12.84) | 2.49 (0.50, 12.46) | 1.51 (0.24, 9.33) | 3.66 (0.44, 30.39) |
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Yin, E.; Cameron, A.J.; Schultz, S.; White, C.M.; Vanderlee, L.; Hammond, D.; Sacks, G. Public Support for Nutrition-Related Actions by Food Companies in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Findings from the 2020 International Food Policy Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054054
Yin E, Cameron AJ, Schultz S, White CM, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Sacks G. Public Support for Nutrition-Related Actions by Food Companies in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Findings from the 2020 International Food Policy Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5):4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054054
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Ebony, Adrian J. Cameron, Sally Schultz, Christine M. White, Lana Vanderlee, David Hammond, and Gary Sacks. 2023. "Public Support for Nutrition-Related Actions by Food Companies in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Findings from the 2020 International Food Policy Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5: 4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054054