Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Greek Version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-GR): What Are the Barriers in South-East Europe?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation Process
2.3. Psychometric Testing
3. Results
3.1. Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation
3.2. Psychometric Validation
3.3. Main Barriers
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1. Is the questionnaire, in your opinion, useful for assessing “barriers to cardiac rehabilitation”? (90.66%) 2. Do you think the questionnaire asks about your barriers to cardiac rehabilitation? (89.33%) 3. What do you think about the size of the questionnaire? (92.00%) 4. Are the questions clearly put forward? (87.33%) 5. Is the questionnaire well organized? (91.66%) 6. Did you understand the questions of the questionnaire? (92.33%) 7. Did you face any difficulty while completing the questionnaire? No (89.00%) 8. What do you think about the layout of the questionnaire questions? (88.00%). |
Characteristic | ||
---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean = 65.27, SD = 10.21 | |
Gender | Male | 97 (88.2%) |
Female | 13 (11.8%) | |
Education level | Primary | 56 (50.9%) |
Secondary | 34 (30.9%) | |
Higher | 20 (18.2%) | |
Distance to center from home | Larissa or ≤50 km | 52 (47.3%) |
>50 km | 58 (52.7%) | |
Body mass index | Normal Weight | 36 (32.7%) |
Overweight | 46 (41.8%) | |
Obese | 27 (24.6%) | |
Morbid Obesity | 1 (0.9%) | |
Hyperlipidemia | Normal | 27 (24.6%) |
Elevated | 83 (75.5%) | |
Smoking | Yes | 64 (58.2%) |
No | 46 (41.8%) |
Items | Subscales | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Comorbidities/Functional Status | Logistical Factors | Work Constraints/Lack of Time | Perceived Need/ Healthcare Factors | |
9. I find exercise tiring or painful | 0.7309 | |||
13. Lack of energy | 0.6944 | |||
15. Age (old) | 0.5099 | |||
14. Other health issues that prevent me from participating (specify: ) | 0.4641 | |||
7. I already practice at home or in my community | −0.4061 | |||
21. I prefer to take care of my health on my own and not through participating in groups | 0.4002 | |||
1. Distance (e.g., it is not located in your area, too far to travel) | 0.8095 | |||
2. Costs (e.g., parking, fuel) | 0.7635 | |||
3. Mobility difficulties (e.g., access in a car, Public transport) | 0.5931 | |||
8. Bad weather conditions | 0.4233 | |||
4. Family obligations | 0.3366 | |||
19. I think I got referred but the program did not contact me | 0.7686 | |||
20. It took me a long time to catch up and enter the program | 0.7502 | |||
11. Time constraints (e.g., very busy) | 0.5062 | |||
10. Frequent trips (e.g., holidays, business, home) | 0.4674 | |||
17. Many people with cardiac problems do not go and they are fine | 0.4047 | |||
12. Work commitments | 0.3774 | |||
16. My doctor didn’t think it was so necessary | 0.5572 | |||
6. I don’t need cardiac rehabilitation | 0.5133 | |||
5. Lack of information about cardiac rehabilitation (e.g., I did not have an update from my doctor) | 0.5116 | |||
18. I can handle my heart problem on my own | 0.3322 | |||
Eigenvalues | 3.308 | 2.190 | 1.630 | 1.092 |
Variance explained (%) | 35.19 | 23.30 | 17.34 | 11.61 |
Cumulative variance explained (%) | 35.19 | 58.49 | 75.83 | 87.44 |
Reliability: Cronbach’s α | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.56 |
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Antoniou, V.; Pasias, K.; Loukidis, N.; Exarchou-Kouveli, K.K.; Panagiotakos, D.B.; Grace, S.L.; Pepera, G. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Greek Version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-GR): What Are the Barriers in South-East Europe? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054064
Antoniou V, Pasias K, Loukidis N, Exarchou-Kouveli KK, Panagiotakos DB, Grace SL, Pepera G. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Greek Version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-GR): What Are the Barriers in South-East Europe? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5):4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054064
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntoniou, Varsamo, Konstantinos Pasias, Nektarios Loukidis, Kalliopi K. Exarchou-Kouveli, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Sherry L. Grace, and Garyfallia Pepera. 2023. "Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Greek Version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-GR): What Are the Barriers in South-East Europe?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5: 4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054064