Application and Effect of Virtual Reality Technology in Motor Skill Intervention for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Search Strategy and Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Data Extraction
2.3. Study Risk-of-Bias Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Demographic Characteristics
3.3. Quality and Risk of Bias Assessment
3.4. Characteristics of Intervention
3.4.1. Target Behavior of Intervention
3.4.2. Intervention Methods
3.4.3. Time, Period and Frequency of Intervention
3.4.4. The Effect of Intervention
3.4.5. Statistical Methods
4. Discussion
4.1. Demographic Characteristics
4.2. Characteristics of Intervention
5. Reflections of VR Intervention
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Articles | Randomization | Control | Pre–Post | Retention | Mission Data | Power Analysis | Validity Measure | Follow-Up | Score | Effectiveness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brien and Sveistrup [18] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | YES |
Martins et al. [19] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | YES |
Hong et al. [20] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | YES |
Burke et al. [21] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | NA |
Wuang et al. [22] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | YES |
EbrahimiSani et al. [23] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | YES |
Chang et al. [24] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | YES |
Schmidt et al. [25] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | NA |
Chebbi et al. [26] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | NA |
Golomb et al. [27] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | YES |
Maskey et al. [28] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | YES |
McMahon et al. [29] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | NA |
CHOI et al. [30] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | YES |
Authors (Year) | Country | Sample Size (Gender) | Mean Age/Age Range | Types of DD | Level of DD | VR Platform/Type | Time/Frequency/Duration | Statistical Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brien and Sveistrup (2011) [18] | Canada | Total: 4 (NR) | Total: 13–18 | 3 spastic diplegia and 1 choreoathetosis | NR | GestureTek Health | 90 min; 1 times/day; 5 consecutive days | Compare the baseline between the two groups |
Martins et al. (2019) [19] | Brazil | Total: 20 (NR) | Total: 6–9 | EG: CP CG: TD | NR | MoveHero | 8 min; 5 times/day; NR | ANVOA |
Hong et al. (2021) [20] | The Republic of Korea | Total: 21 (NR) | Total: 18–50 | ID | NR | Looxid Labs | NR | Chi-square test and t-test |
Burke et al. (2020) [21] | U.S.A | Total: 153 (NR) | AA: 21.71 | 99 autism/62 intellectual disability/25 ADHD/1 Down syndrome/1 Prader-Willi syndrome /37 NR | The majority of the participants had one disability (70.59%), 1.93% reported no disability, and other participants had multiple disabilities. | ViTA DMF | 4 times; NR; 22 weeks | SD |
Wuang et al. (2010) [22] | Taiwan, China | Total: 105 (NR) CG: 53 EG: 52 | Total: 7–12 | DS | NR | Wii sports | 60 min; 2 times/week; 24 weeks | MANOVA |
EbrahimiSani et al. (2020) [23] | Iran | Total: 40 (40 F) CG: 20 EG: 20 | Total: 7–10 | DCD | NR | Xbox Kinect 360 | 30 min; 2 times/week; 8 weeks | ANOVA and MANOVA |
Chang et al. (2020) [24] | The Republic of Korea | Total: 17 CG: 10 EG: 7 | Total: 7–18 | CP | NR | RAPAEL Smart Kids | 20 min; 2 times/week; 8 weeks | Analysis of covariance |
Schmidt et al. (2019) [25] | U.S.A | Total: 5 (5 M) | Total: 24–34 | ASD | More than two kinds of obstacles | Virtuoso SVVR | 20 min; NR; NR | Descriptive analysis and interview coding |
Chebbi et al. (2014) [26] | Britain | Total:21 (16 F/6 M) CG: 11 EG: 10 (LD) | AA: 23 | LD | NR | Sensables Technologies | 15 min; NR; NR | ANOVA |
Golomb et al. (2011) [27] | U.S.A | Total: 1 (1 M) | 15 | CP | Severe | 5 DT 5 Ultra Glove | 20 min; 2.6 times/week; 56 weeks | NR |
Maskey et al. (2014) [28] | Britain | Total: 9 | Total: 7–13 | ASD | Mild | VRE | 20–30 min; 4 times; NR | t-test |
McMahon et al. (2019) [29] | U.S.A | Total: 4 (1 F/3 M) | Total: 14–21 | 1 Fetal alcohol syndrome/1 ASD/1 DS/1 ID | Mild to moderate | Virzoom and HTC VIVE VR | 30 min; NR; NR | NR |
Choi et al. (2020) [30] | The Republic of Korea | Total: 80 (39 F/41 M) CG: 40 EG: 40 | Total: 3–16 | NR | NR | NR | 60 min; 1 time/week; 20 weeks | t-test |
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Fu, W.; Ji, C. Application and Effect of Virtual Reality Technology in Motor Skill Intervention for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054619
Fu W, Ji C. Application and Effect of Virtual Reality Technology in Motor Skill Intervention for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5):4619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054619
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Wangqian, and Chenying Ji. 2023. "Application and Effect of Virtual Reality Technology in Motor Skill Intervention for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5: 4619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054619