Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Saudi Women: Knowledge and Misconceptions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Setting and Study Period
2.2. Sample Size and Sampling Technique
2.3. Study Participants and Data Collection Procedures
2.4. Instruments of the Study
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Participants Demographic Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Participants Table | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Students | Employees | |||||
Location | N | n | (%) | N | n | (%) |
College of Medicine (COM) | 218 | 39 | (14.17) | 45 | 8 | (16.3) |
College of Science and Health Profession (COSHP) | 829 | 149 | (53.87) | 91 | 16 | (32.9) |
College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS | 184 | 33 | (11.97) | 39 | 7 | (14.13) |
College of Nursing (CON) | 308 | 55 | (20.01) | 101 | 18 | (36.59) |
Total | 1539 | 276 | (100) | 276 | 49 | (100) |
STDs Knowledge Score | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | N = 355 | Low Score | Moderate Score | High Score | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | p-Value | |
Age (years) | |||||||||
25 | 324 | 89.85% | 169 | 52.16% | 134 | 41.36% | 21 | 6.48% | <0.0001 * |
≥25 | 31 | 10.14% | 10 | 32.26% | 9 | 290.3% | 12 | 38.71% | |
Occupation status | |||||||||
Student | 326 | 91.83% | 169 | 47.61% | 146 | 41.13% | 11 | 3.10% | 0.0106 * |
Employee | 29 | 8.17% | 10 | 34.48% | 12 | 41.38% | 7 | 24.14% | |
Marital status | |||||||||
Single | 330 | 92.96% | 175 | 53.03% | 132 | 40.00% | 23 | 6.97% | <0.0001 * |
Married | 22 | 6.20% | 4 | 18.18% | 8 | 36.36% | 10 | 45.45% | |
Divorced | 3 | 0.85% | 0 | 0.00% | 3 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | |
Educational level | |||||||||
Post-graduate education | 24 | 6.76% | 9 | 37.50% | 13 | 54.17% | 2 | 8.33% | 0.0017 * |
College education | 209 | 58.87% | 92 | 44.02% | 89 | 42.58% | 28 | 13.40% | |
Secondary education | 94 | 26.48% | 63 | 67.02% | 29 | 30.85% | 2 | 2.13% | |
Elementary education | 28 | 7.89% | 15 | 53.57% | 12 | 42.86% | 1 | 3.57% | |
Profession colleges | |||||||||
College of Sciences and health professions | 99 | 27.89% | 71 | 71.72% | 26 | 26.26% | 2 | 2.02% | <0.0001 * |
College of applied medical sciences | 70 | 19.72% | 39 | 55.71% | 27 | 38.57% | 4 | 5.71% | |
College of medicine | 134 | 37.75% | 46 | 44.23% | 64 | 47.76% | 24 | 17.91% | |
College of nursing | 52 | 14.65% | 23 | 44.23% | 26 | 50.00% | 3 | 5.77% | |
Clinical exposure | |||||||||
Clinical | 96 | 27.04% | 27 | 28.13% | 42 | 43.75% | 27 | 28.13% | <0.0001 * |
Non-clinical | 156 | 43.94% | 104 | 66.67% | 49 | 31.41% | 3 | 1.92% | |
Pre-clinical | 103 | 29.01% | 48 | 46.60% | 52 | 50.49% | 3 | 2.91% |
Questions | True | False | I Do Not Know |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
1 Genital Herpes is caused by the same virus as HIV? | 67 (18.9) | 180 (50.7) | 108 (30.4) |
2 Frequent urinary infections can cause Chlamydia? | 93 (26.2) | 64 (18.0) | 198 (55.8) |
3 There is a cure for Gonorrhea. | 157 (44.2) | 30 (8.5) | 168 (47.3) |
4 It is easier to get HIV if a person has another Sexually Transmitted Disease. | 185 (52.1) | 68 (19.2) | 102 (28.7) |
5 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is caused by the same virus that causes HIV. | 41 (11.6) | 170 (47.9) | 144 (40.6) |
6 Having anal sex increase a person’s risk of getting Hepatitis B. | 137 (38.6) | 47 (13.2) | 171 (48.2) |
7 Soon after infection with HIV, a person develops open sores on their genitals (penis or vagina). | 92 (25.9) | 100 (28.2) | 163 (45.9) |
8 There is a cure for Chlamydia. | 161 (45.4) | 28 (7.9) | 166 (46.8) |
9 A woman who has Genital herpes can pass the infection to her baby during childbirth. | 196 (55.2) | 57 (16.1) | 102 (28.7) |
10 A woman can look at her body and tell if she has Gonorrhea. | 71 (20.0) | 71 (20.0) | 213 (60.0) |
11 The same virus causes all Sexually Transmitted Diseases. | 25 (7.0) | 250 (70.4) | 80 (22.5) |
12 Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause Genital Warts. | 146 (41.1) | 24 (6.8) | 185 (52.1) |
13 Using a condom can protect a person from getting HIV. | 228 (64.2) | 43 (12.1) | 84 (23.7) |
14 Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to cancer in women. | 169 (47.6) | 23 (6.5) | 163 (45.9) |
15 A man must have vaginal sex to get Genital Warts | 53 (14.9) | 95 (26.8) | 207 (58.3) |
16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases can lead to health problems that are usually more serious for men than women. | 71 (20.0) | 127 (35.8) | 157 (44.2) |
17 A woman can tell that she has Chlamydia if she has a bad-smelling odor from her vagina | 153 (43.1) | 56 (15.8) | 146 (41.1) |
18 If a person tests positive for HIV, the test can tell how sick the person will become. | 115 (32.4) | 117 (33.0) | 123 (34.7) |
19 A vaccine is available to prevent a person from getting Gonorrhea. | 50 (14.1) | 90 (25.4) | 215 (60.6) |
20 A woman can tell by how her body feels if she has a sexually transmitted disease. | 124 (34.9) | 90 (25.4) | 141 (39.7) |
21 A person with Genital Herpes must have open sores to give the infection to their sexual partner. | 93 (26.2) | 88 (24.8) | 174 (49.0) |
22 There is a vaccine that prevents a person from getting Chlamydia. | 42 (11.8) | 93 (26.2) | 220 (62.0) |
23 A man can tell by how his body feels if he has hepatitis B. | 87 (24.5) | 99 (27.9) | 169 (47.6) |
24 If a person had Gonorrhea in the past, they are immune (protected) from getting it again. | 48 (13.5) | 104 (29.3) | 203 (57.2) |
25 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause HIV. | 49 (13.8) | 132 (37.2) | 174 (49.0) |
26 A man can protect himself from getting Genital Warts by washing his genitals after sex. | 72 (20.3) | 103 (29.0) | 180 (50.7) |
27 A vaccine can protect a person from getting Hepatitis B. | 213 (60.0) | 40 (11.3) | 102 (28.7) |
Case Processing Summary | |||
---|---|---|---|
N | Marginal Percentage | ||
Total score moderate score | Low | 179 | 50.4% |
Moderate | 143 | 40.3% | |
High | 33 | 9.3% | |
Level of training | Non-Clinical | 156 | 43.9% |
Pre-Clinical | 103 | 29.0% | |
Clinical | 96 | 27.0% | |
Marital status | Single | 330 | 93.0% |
Married | 22 | 6.2% | |
Divorced | 3 | 0.8% | |
Total | 355 | 100.0% |
Parameter Estimates | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Score Moderate Score a | B | Std. Error | Wald | df | Sig. | Exp(B) | 95% Confidence Interval for Exp(B) | ||
Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Low | Intercept | −0.635 | 3427.911 | 0.000 | 1 | 1.000 | |||
[Level of Training = 1] | 3.451 | 0.662 | 27.146 | 1 | <0.001 | 31.534 | 8.609 | 115.501 | |
[Level of Training = 2] | 2.727 | 0.675 | 16.338 | 1 | <0.001 | 15.287 | 4.074 | 57.359 | |
[Level of Training = 3] | 0 b | 0 | |||||||
[Marital Status = 1] | 0.982 | 3427.911 | 0.000 | 1 | 1.000 | 2.669 | 0.000 | .c | |
[Marital Status = 2] | −1.756 | 3427.911 | 0.000 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.173 | 0.000 | .c | |
[Marital Status = 3] | 0 b | 0 | |||||||
Moderate | Intercept | 17.677 | 0.567 | 971.991 | 1 | <0.001 | |||
[Level of Training = 1] | 2.252 | 0.658 | 11.726 | 1 | <0.001 | 9.503 | 2.619 | 34.476 | |
[Level of Training = 2] | 2.395 | 0.659 | 13.224 | 1 | <0.001 | 10.973 | 3.017 | 39.905 | |
[Level of Training = 3] | 0 b | 0 | |||||||
[Marital Status = 1] | −16.954 | 0.593 | 818.317 | 1 | <0.001 | 4.335 × 10−8 | 1.357 × 10−8 | 1.385 × 10−7 | |
[Marital Status = 2] | −18.792 | 0.000 | 1 | 6.901 × 10−9 | 6.901 × 10−9 | 6.901 × 10−9 | |||
[Marital Status = 3] | 0 b | 0 |
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Malli, I.A.; Kabli, B.A.; Alhakami, L.A. Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Saudi Women: Knowledge and Misconceptions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064858
Malli IA, Kabli BA, Alhakami LA. Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Saudi Women: Knowledge and Misconceptions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):4858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064858
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalli, Israa Abdullah, Basmah Abdullah Kabli, and Lujain Ali Alhakami. 2023. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Saudi Women: Knowledge and Misconceptions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 4858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064858