The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sampling
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Data Collection Tools
2.5. Recruitment
2.6. Pilot Testing
2.7. Data Collection Procedure
2.8. Data Analysis
2.9. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
Involvement in Bullying Behavior
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths of the Study
4.2. Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Relationship with parents | Does not have parents | 15 | 3.26 |
Gets along well with parents | 315 | 68.48 | |
Does not get along well with parents | 17 | 3.70 | |
Gets along well with father but not with mother | 17 | 3.70 | |
Gets along well with mother but not with father | 96 | 20.87 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Status of home environment | Family often gets into physical fights with each other | 27 | 5.87 |
Family often gets into verbal fights with each other | 33 | 7.17 | |
Peaceful and close family | 397 | 86.30 | |
Peaceful but not close family | 3 | 0.65 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Method used to discipline at home | No one disciplines me, I do as I please | 40 | 8.70 |
Privileges get taken away for some time | 136 | 29.57 | |
Gets beaten up | 42 | 9.13 | |
They shout at me | 229 | 49.78 | |
They swear at me | 12 | 2.61 | |
They don’t talk to me for some time | 1 | 0.22 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Frequent use of alcohol at home | No | 328 | 71.30 |
Yes, Mother | 14 | 3.04 | |
Yes, Father | 59 | 12.83 | |
Yes, Both parents | 17 | 3.70 | |
Yes, other people I stay with | 42 | 9.13 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Lack of family love and care about them | No | 31 | 6.74 |
Yes | 429 | 93.26 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Presence of someone else that love and care about them | No | 16 | 3.48 |
Yes | 444 | 96.52 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Participation in sports or other activities at school | No | 362 | 78.70 |
Yes | 98 | 21.30 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Academic performance | Average | 236 | 51.30 |
High achiever | 65 | 14.13 | |
Low achiever | 134 | 29.13 | |
Really struggling academically | 24 | 5.22 | |
Total | 459 | 99.78 | |
Number of friends at school | No friends | 28 | 6.09 |
Only 1 friend | 95 | 20.65 | |
2 to 5 friends | 274 | 59.57 | |
More than 5 friends | 63 | 13.70 | |
Total | 460 | 100 | |
Method of travel to and from school | Designated school transport | 26 | 565 |
Public transport | 134 | 29.13 | |
Dropped of and picked up by parent of relative | 17 | 3.70 | |
Walk to and from school alone | 112 | 24.35 | |
Walk to and from school with friends or siblings | 171 | 37.17 | |
Total | 460 | 100.00 |
Variable | Perpetrator (p-Value) | Victim (p-Value) | Perpetrator–Victim (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.251 | 0.367 | 0.337 |
School that they were attending | 0.573 | 0.380 | 0.021 |
School Quintal | 0.658 | 0.577 | 0.851 |
Gender | 0.860 | 0.860 | 0.987 |
Grade | 0.112 | 0.599 | 0.095 |
Home language | 0.234 | 0.587 | 0.498 |
Staying with at home | 0.209 | 0.613 | 0.327 |
Birth position | 0.998 | 0.845 | 0.600 |
Family income | 0.838 | 0.234 | 0.786 |
Relationship with parents | 0.659 | 0.645 | 0.248 |
Home environment | 0.828 | 0.654 | 0.015 |
Discipline method at home | 0.481 | 0.744 | 0.178 |
Anyone drinks alcohol frequently at home | 0.025 | 0.175 | 0.032 |
Lack of family love and care | 0.214 | 0.705 | 0.012 |
Presence of anyone else that loves and cares about them | 0.478 | 0.017 | 0.809 |
Participation in sports or other activities at school | 0.309 | 0.333 | 0.686 |
Academic performance | 0.885 | 0.362 | 0.199 |
Number of friends at school | 0.271 | 0.838 | 0.760 |
Method of travel to and from school | 0.892 | 0.645 | 0.654 |
Depression symptoms | 0.949 | 0.947 | 0.000 |
Anxiety symptoms | 0.037 | 0.702 | 0.000 |
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Shiba, D.; Mokwena, K.E. The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064916
Shiba D, Mokwena KE. The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064916
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiba, Dudu, and Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena. 2023. "The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 4916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064916