Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Microwave Exposure
2.2. Histopathological Analysis
2.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.4. Analysis of Immune Cells in Peripheral Blood
2.5. Cytokine Release
2.6. Concentration of Immunoglobulins and Complement Proteins in Sera
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Multifrequency Microwave Dose-Dependently Caused Structural and Ultrastructural Injuries
3.2. Multifrequency Microwave Exposure Decreased Immune Cells in Peripheral Blood
3.3. Multifrequency Microwave Exposure Reduced Th1 Cytokines in Peripheral Blood
3.4. Multifrequency Microwave Exposure Dose-Dependently Reduced the Levels of IgG and IgM in Peripheral Blood
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yao, C.; Dong, J.; Ren, K.; Sun, L.; Wang, H.; Zhang, J.; Wang, H.; Xu, X.; Yao, B.; Zhou, H.; et al. Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4988. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064988
Yao C, Dong J, Ren K, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu X, Yao B, Zhou H, et al. Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):4988. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064988
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Chuanfu, Ji Dong, Ke Ren, Liu Sun, Hui Wang, Jing Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Xinping Xu, Binwei Yao, Hongmei Zhou, and et al. 2023. "Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 4988. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064988