Assessment of Life Satisfaction of the Physicians of the Silesian Province, Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Methods
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bradfield, O.; Jenkins, K.; Spittal, M.; Bismark, M. Australian and New Zealand doctors’ experiences of disciplinary notifications, investigations, proceedings and interventions relating to alleged mental health impairment: A qualitative analysis of interviews. Int. J. Law Psychiatry 2023, 86, 101857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lele, K.; McLean, L.M.; Peisah, C. Beyond burnout I: Doctors health services and unmet need. Australas. Psychiatry 2023, 10398562231159977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nguyen, O.T.; Turner, K.; Parekh, A.; Alishahi Tabriz, A.; Hanna, K.; Merlo, L.J.; Hong, Y.R. Merit-based incentive payment system participation and after-hours documentation among US office-based physicians: Findings from the 2021 National Electronic Health Records Survey. J. Eval. Clin. Pract. 2023, 29, 397–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kartsonaki, M.G.; Georgopoulos, D.; Kondili, E.; Nieri, A.S.; Alevizaki, A.; Nyktari, V.; Papaioannou, A. Prevalence and factors associated with compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout in health professionals. Nurs. Crit. Care 2023, 28, 225–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kase, J.; Doolittle, B. Job and life satisfaction among emergency physicians: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE 2023, 18, e0279425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- National Trade Union of Physicians. Kijak R. Treatment at the Cost of the Doctor’s Life. Available online: https://www.ozzl.org.pl/index.php/13249-leczenie-kosztem-zycia-lekarza-artykul-aktualny-ryszarda-kijaka (accessed on 3 February 2023).
- Central Register of Physicians. Statistical Information. Available online: https://nil.org.pl/rejestry/centralny-rejestr-lekarzy/informacje-statystyczne (accessed on 3 February 2023).
- Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Ed Diener. Available online: https://eddiener.com/scales/7 (accessed on 3 February 2023).
- Helaß, M.; Haag, G.M.; Bankstahl, U.S.; Gencer, D.; Maatouk, I. Burnout among German oncologists: A cross-sectional study in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie Quality of Life Working Group. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2023, 149, 765–777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Magdaleno, Y.; Rishel Brakey, H.; Greenberg, N.; Myers, O.; Sood, A. A qualitative review of comments by faculty who cite work-life balance as a reason to leave. Chron. Mentor. Coach. 2022, 6, 587–593. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Duda, M. Contemporary models of the quality of life-theoretical analysis. Eduk.–Tech.–Inform. 2019, 1, 79–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baliński, P.; Krajewski, R. Physicians and Dentists in Poland-Demographic Characteristics. 31 December 2017. Supreme Medical Chamber. Warszawa, 2018. Available online: https://nil.org.pl/uploaded_images/1575630206_demografia-2017.pdf (accessed on 3 February 2023).
- Juczyński, Z. Measurement tools in health promotion and psychology. In SWLS-Life Satisfaction Scale; Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego: Warsaw, Poland, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Zigmond, A.S.; Snaith, R.P. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1983, 67, 361–370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Peña-Sánchez, J.N.; Domagała, A.; Górkiewicz, M.; Targowska, M.; Oleszczyk, M. Adapting a tool in Poland for the measurement of the physicians’ career satisfaction. Probl. Med. Rodz 2011, 1, 19–26. [Google Scholar]
- Bendowska, M.; Bieńkuńska, A.; Ciecieląg, P.; Luty, P.; Sobestjański, K.; Wójcik, J. Quality of Life in Poland; Central Statistical Office: Warsaw, Poland, 2017.
- Central Statistical Office. Quality of Life, Social Capital, Poverty and Social Exclusion in Poland; Central Statistical Office: Warsaw, Poland, 2013.
- Classification of Occupations and Specialties. Available online: http://www.klasyfikacje.gofin.pl/kzis/7,1,236,specjalisci.html#sekcja. (accessed on 3 February 2023).
- Public Opinion Research Center. Which Professions Do We Respect? Research Communication. Available online: https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2019/K_157_19.PDF (accessed on 3 February 2023).
- Kowalska, M.; Humeniuk, M.; Danso, F.; Kułak, E.; Araisewicz, H. Quality of life of professionally active people aged 45–60, inhabitants of the industrial region of Poland (mountain-Silesian agglomeration). Med. Pr. 2011, 62, 455–463. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Żołnierczyk-Zreda, D. Long Working Time and Mental Health and Quality of Life—A Review of Research; Central Institute for Labor Protection-National Research Institute: Warsaw, Poland, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Kowalska, M.; Marcinkowska, U.; Jośko, J. Satisfaction with professional work and the quality of life of women aged 45–60 in the Silesian Voivodship. Med. Pr. 2010, 61, 277–285. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Peplińska, A.; Gierszewska, K.; Połomski, P. The pattern of work-related behavior and the quality and meaning of life in working people, those at risk of losing their jobs and the unemployed. Misc. Anthropol. Sociol. 2017, 18, 91–110. [Google Scholar]
- Maslach, C.; Jackson, S.E.; Leiter, M.P. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, 3rd ed.; Consulting Psychologists Press: Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Q.; Wu, H. Associations Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Undergraduate Medical Students: The Mediating Role of Academic Burnout and the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. Front. Psychol. 2022, 12, 774622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Knox, M.; Willard-Grace, R.; Huang, B.; Grumbach, K. Maslach Burnout Inventory and a self-defined, single-item burnout measure produce different clinician and staff burnout estimates. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2018, 33, 1344–1351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hussenoeder, F.S.; Bodendieck, E.; Jung, F.; Conrad, I.; Riedel-Heller, S.G. Comparing burnout and work-life balance among specialists in internal medicine: The role of inpatient vs. outpatient workplace. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2021, 16, 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Howe, A. Doctors’ health and wellbeing. BMJ 2013, 347, f5558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Demographic and Anthropometric Data | Total 701 (100%) | Age Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[25,50) yrs 492 (70.2%) | [50,80) yrs 209 (29.8%) | ||||||
Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | ||
Gender | women | 18.9 ± 4.3 18(3) | 0.140 | 18.9 ± 4.2 19(3) | 0.002 | 18.8 ± 4.5 18(4) | 0.110 |
men | 19.1 ± 4.2 19(4) | 19.8 ± 3.8 20(3) | 17.6 ± 4.6 18(5) | ||||
BMI | underweight (1) | 24.6 ± 6.9 23(9) | <0.0001 1 vs. 4 * 2 vs. 3 * 2 vs. 4 *** 3 vs. 4 * | 24.6 ± 6.9 23(9) | <0.0001 1 vs. 4 * 2 vs. 3 ** 2 vs. 4 ** | - | 0.230 |
normal (2) | 19.8 ± 4.5 19(4.5) | 20.3 ± 4.2 20(4) | 17.4 ± 5.2 18(6) | ||||
overweight (3) | 18.7 ± 4 18(3) | 18.8 ± 3.6 19(3) | 18.5 ± 4.6 18(5) | ||||
obesity (4) | 17.1 ± 3.1 18(4) | 16.9 ± 3.1 18(4) | 17.3 ± 3.1 17(4) | ||||
Marital status | single (1) | 18.7 ± 4.2 18(3) | 0.006 1 vs. 2 * 2 vs. 4 * | 18.8 ± 4.2 18(3) | 0.009 1 vs. 2 * | 15.9 ± 3.4 16(5) | 0.290 |
in a partner relationship (2) | 20.2 ± 3.8 20(4) | 20.2 ± 3.7 20(4) | 20.1 ± 4.3 21(6) | ||||
married (3) | 19.2 ± 4.3 19(4) | 19.6 ± 4 19(3) | 18.5 ± 4.6 18(5) | ||||
divorced (4) | 17.6 ± 3.5 18(3) | 18.6 ± 2.2 19(3) | 16.6 ± 4.3 18(5) | ||||
widow/ widower (5) | 17.6 ± 4.6 18(6) | - | 17.6 ± 4.6 18(6) | ||||
Children | no | 19.2 ± 4.3 19(3) | 0.860 | 19.3 ± 4.3 19(3) | 0.360 | 16.9 ± 2.8 18(2) | 0.230 |
yes | 18.9 ± 4.2 19(4) | 19.4 ± 3.6 19(3) | 18.3 ± 4.7 18(5) | ||||
Subjective assessment of the economic status | bad (1) | 15 ± 4.2 15(6) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 *** 1 vs. 3 *** 1 vs. 4 *** 2 vs. 3 *** 3 vs. 4 ** | 16.2 ± 3.3 15(5) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 ** 1 vs. 3 *** 1 vs. 4 *** 2 vs. 3 *** 3 vs. 4 *** | 9.9 ± 3.9 9(4) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 ** 1 vs. 3 *** 1 vs. 4 * 2 vs. 3 ** |
medium (2) | 18.5 ± 3.6 18(3) | 18.8 ± 3.5 19(3) | 17.8 ± 3.9 18(5) | ||||
good (3) | 22 ± 5.3 21(6) | 22.8 ± 5.3 21(5) | 20.8 ± 5.2 20(6) | ||||
no opinion (4) | 19.3 ± 2.6 19(2.5) | 19.3 ± 2.6 19(3) | 18.9 ± 3.1 18(3) |
Professional Work | Total 701 (100%) | Age Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[25,50) yrs 492 (70.2%) | [50,80) yrs 209 (29.8%) | ||||||
Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | ||
Being a specialist | no | 20.4 ± 4.8 20(5) | 0.0008 | 20.4 ± 4.8 20(5) | 0.010 | - | - |
yes | 18.7 ± 4.1 18(3) | 19 ± 3.7 19(3) | 18.2 ± 4.6 18(5) | ||||
Working at the hospital | no | 18 ± 4.3 18(5) | 0.0005 | 19.1 ± 3.5 19(4) | 0.620 | 17.5 ± 4.5 18(5) | 0.020 |
yes | 19.3 ± 4.1 19(4) | 19.4 ± 4.1 19(4) | 19 ± 4.5 18(4) | ||||
Spending time after duty at the primary workplace | resting | 19.3 ± 4.1 19(4) | 0.600 | 19.6 ± 4.2 20(3) | 0.100 | 17.9 ± 3.2 18(3) | 0.040 |
working at another workplace | 19.3 ± 4 19(4) | 19.2 ± 3.7 19(3) | 19.8 ± 4.5 19(4) | ||||
R | p-Value | R | p-Value | R | p-Value | ||
Length of professional career (yrs) | −0.15 | <0.0001 | −0.1 | 0.020 | 0.03 | 0.670 | |
Number of working hours (hours/week) | 0.05 | 0.220 | 0.05 | 0.230 | −0.02 | 0.730 | |
Holiday leave (days) | 0.1 | 0.008 | 0.06 | 0.140 | 0.16 | 0.020 | |
Recreational trips (n/yr) | 0.2 | <0.0001 | 0.14 | 0.020 | 0.28 | <0.0001 |
Lifestyle | Total 701 (100%) | Age Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[25,50) yrs 492 (72.2%) | [50,80) yrs 209 (29.8%) | ||||||
Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | Life Satisfaction X ± S M(QR) | p-Value | ||
Chronic disease | no | 20.5 ± 4.6 20(5) | <0.0001 | 20.4 ± 4.5 20(5) | <0.0001 | 22.8 ± 5.6 25(10) | 0.004 |
yes | 18.3 ± 3.8 18(4) | 18.5 ± 3.4 18(3) | 17.9 ± 4.4 18(5) | ||||
Pharmacotherapy | no | 20.6 ± 4.6 20(5) | <0.0001 | 20.5 ± 4.6 20(5) | <0.0001 | 21.5 ± 5.3 22(9) | 0.010 |
yes | 18.2 ± 3.8 18(4) | 18.4 ± 3.2 18(3) | 17.9 ± 4.4 18(5) | ||||
Sick leave certificate | no | 20.6 ± 4.5 20(5) | <0.0001 | 20.5 ± 4.4 20(5) | 0.002 | 22.7 ± 5.2 23(10) | 0.030 |
yes | 18.7 ± 4.1 18(3) | 19 ± 3.8 19(3) | 18 ± 4.5 18(5) | ||||
Practicing sport | no | 17.6 ± 4.2 18(5) | <0.0001 | 18.1 ± 3.7 18(4) | 0.0002 | 17.1 ± 4.6 17(6) | 0.0003 |
yes | 19.6 ± 4.1 19(4) | 19.7 ± 4 19(3) | 19.2 ± 4.4 19(3.5) | ||||
Physical activity | irregular | 18.9 ± 3.5 19(3) | <0.0001 | 18.9 ± 3.4 19(3) | <0.0001 | 18.7 ± 4 19(3) | 0.050 |
regular | 23 ± 5 23(5) | 23.2 ± 4.9 23.5(5) | 22.1 ± 5.8 21(11) | ||||
Diet | never | 19.3 ± 4.4 19(4) | 0.001 | 19.3 ± 4.1 19(4) | 0.290 | 18.9 ± 5.3 18(6) | 0.040 |
yes at any time | 18.3 ± 3.8 18(3) | 19.2 ± 3.7 18(2) | 17.4 ± 3.6 18(5) | ||||
Smoking | no | 19.1 ± 4.2 19(4) | 0.150 | 19.4 ± 4.1 19(4) | 0.180 | 18.3 ± 4.2 18(4) | 0.380 |
yes | 18.5 ± 4.4 18(4) | 18.8 ± 3.4 18(3) | 17.7 ± 6.2 18(6) | ||||
Alcohol consumption | no | 18.8 ± 4.2 18(3) | 0.150 | 18.9 ± 3.8 18(3) | 0.010 | 18.6 ± 4.9 18(6) | 0.440 |
yes | 19.1 ± 4.3 19(4) | 19.7 ± 4.1 20(5) | 17.9 ± 4.3 18(4) | ||||
Chronic fatigue | yes | 17.9 ± 4.7 18(5) | <0.0001 | 19 ± 4.8 18(5) | 0.230 | 16.9 ± 4.3 17(5) | <0.0001 |
no | 19.6 ± 3.8 19(3) | 19.4 ± 3.7 19(3) | 20.2 ± 4.3 19(4) | ||||
Lifestyle | R | p-value | R | p-value | R | p-value | |
Sleep (hours) | 0.010 | 0.770 | −0.05 | 0.240 | 0.050 | 0.430 | |
Pack-years | −0.080 | 0.360 | 0.13 | 0.220 | −0.190 | 0.250 |
Age Groups | Life Satisfaction (Points) X ± S M (QR) | p-Value | R p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HADS-A [0 ÷ 21] | |||||
Normal Range 351 (50.1%) | Borderline Result 169 (24.1%) | Anxiety Symptoms 181 (25.8%) | |||
Total | 20.6 ± 4.4 20 (5) | 18.3 ± 2.9 18 (3) | 16.5 ± 3.5 17 (5) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 *** 1 vs. 3 *** 2 vs. 3 *** | −0.420 < 0.0001 |
25–50 yrs | 20.4 ± 4.2 20 (4) | 18.3 ± 2.6 18 (3) | 16.7 ± 3 17 (5) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 *** 1 vs. 3 *** 2 vs. 3 *** | −0.380 < 0.0001 |
50–80 yrs | 21.8 ± 5.1 21 (8.5) | 18.2 ± 3.4 18 (3) | 16.3 ± 3.8 17 (5) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 * 1 vs. 3 *** 2 vs. 3 ** | −0.410 < 0.0001 |
Age groups | HADS-D [0÷21] | p-Value | R p-value | ||
Normal range 382 (54.5) | Borderline result 184 (26.2) | Depressive symptoms 135 (19.3) | |||
Total | 20.6 ± 4.3 20 (5) | 17.4 ± 2.9 18 (3.5) | 16.6 ± 3.5 17 (5) | <0.0001 1 vs. 2 *** 1 vs. 3 *** | −0.420 < 0.0001 |
25–50 yrs | 20.4 ± 4.1 20 (4) | 17.4 ± 2.9 18 (3) | 17.2 ± 2.8 18 (4) | <0.0001 1 vs. 3 *** 2 vs. 3 *** | −0.390 < 0.0001 |
50–80 yrs | 21.5 ± 5 20 (7) | 17.4 ± 3 18 (4) | 16.2 ± 3.8 17 (5) | <0.0001 1 vs. 3 *** 2 vs. 3 *** | −0.420 < 0.0001 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Niewiadomska, E.; Łabuz-Roszak, B.; Pawłowski, P.; Plinta, K.; Wypych-Ślusarska, A. Assessment of Life Satisfaction of the Physicians of the Silesian Province, Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065002
Niewiadomska E, Łabuz-Roszak B, Pawłowski P, Plinta K, Wypych-Ślusarska A. Assessment of Life Satisfaction of the Physicians of the Silesian Province, Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):5002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065002
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiewiadomska, Ewa, Beata Łabuz-Roszak, Piotr Pawłowski, Klaudia Plinta, and Agata Wypych-Ślusarska. 2023. "Assessment of Life Satisfaction of the Physicians of the Silesian Province, Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 5002. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065002