Predictors of Feeling of Threat Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic, the Distinctive Effects of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Automatic and Reflective Emotions
1.2. Other Factors Influencing the Feeling of Threat
1.3. Aim and Hypotheses
2. Materials & Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design
2.3. Materials
2.3.1. Feeling of Threat Caused by the Pandemic
2.3.2. Conspiracy Beliefs
2.3.3. Emotions
2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Correlates of the Feeling of Threat Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
3.2. Predictors of the Feeling of Threat
3.3. Exploratory Analyses—Predictors of the Feeling of Threat in Different Age Groups
3.4. Post-Hoc Statistical Power Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Feeling of Threat | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Min–Max | M (SD) | r | p | |
Feeling of threat | 1–7 | 2.70 (0.98) | - | - |
Automatic homeostatic emotions | 1–100 | 48.64 (26.09) | 0.573 | <0.001 |
Automatic aversive emotions | 1–100 | 25.24 (23.77) | 0.304 | <0.001 |
Reflective emotions related to Self standards | 1–100 | 34.37 (22.25) | 0.247 | <0.001 |
Sadness-like emotions | 1–100 | 50.28 (29.75) | 0.498 | <0.001 |
Contempt-like emotions | 1–100 | 19.72 (24.88) | 0.111 | 0.01 |
Belief in conspiracy theories | 1–5 | 2.47 (0.90) | 0.06 | 0.147 |
Age of participant | 18–74 | 29.38 (9.34) | 0.052 | 0.210 |
Model | Age | N | F | R2 | p(F) | Predictor | β | p(β) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1. | 18–74 | 571 | 150.367 | 0.346 | <0.001 | |||
auto homeo | 0.646 | <0.001 | ||||||
refl Self | −0.118 | 0.004 | ||||||
Model 2. | 18–34 | 418 | 199.523 | 0.324 | <0.001 | |||
auto homeo | 0.569 | <0.001 | ||||||
Model 3. | 35–74 | 157 | 39.45 | 0.436 | <0.001 | |||
auto homeo | 0.506 | <0.001 | ||||||
refl sadness | 0.287 | 0.015 | ||||||
refl Self | −0.214 | 0.006 |
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Pastwa, M.; Imbir, K.K.; Wielgopolan, A.; Adach, E. Predictors of Feeling of Threat Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic, the Distinctive Effects of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075231
Pastwa M, Imbir KK, Wielgopolan A, Adach E. Predictors of Feeling of Threat Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic, the Distinctive Effects of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(7):5231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075231
Chicago/Turabian StylePastwa, Maciej, Kamil K. Imbir, Adrianna Wielgopolan, and Ernest Adach. 2023. "Predictors of Feeling of Threat Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic, the Distinctive Effects of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 7: 5231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075231