Association of Endogenous Testosterone with Physical Fitness Measures during Firefighter Occupational Health Evaluations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measurements and Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Characteristics
3.2. Relationship between Physical Fitness and Testosterone
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Continuous Variables | |
---|---|
Age (years) | 37.5 ± 10.2 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.4 ± 7.5 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.2 ± 5.5 |
Body fat percentage (%) | 19.3 ± 6.4 |
Serum total testosterone (ng/dL) | 451.9 ± 161.7 |
Categorical Variables | |
Age ≥ 45 years old—n (%) | 87 (28.9) |
Obesity—n (%) | 65 (21.6) |
TT below reference (<400 ng/dL)—n (%) | 116 (38.5) |
Plank 1 (s) | 86.1 ± 40.5 |
Push ups 1 (repetitions) | 26.6 ± 10.5 |
Total grip strength 2 (kg) | 119.5 ± 17.7 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 2 (s) | 546.8 ± 100.7 |
Low TT (<264 ng/dL) | Borderline TT (264–399 ng/dL) | Reference Range TT (400–916 ng/dL) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whole Sample (n = 301) | n = 32 | n = 84 | n = 185 | |
Plank 1 (s) | 72.5 ± 33.3 a | 83.9 ± 41.2 | 89.4 ± 40.9 | 0.05 |
Push ups 1 (repetitions) | 23.2 ± 11.8 a | 25.1 ± 8.7 a | 27.9 ± 10.8 | 0.02 |
Total grip strength 2 (kg) | 119.7 ± 22.5 | 120.0 ± 16.1 | 119.3 ± 17.6 | 0.95 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 3 (s) | 497.9 ± 94.0 a,b | 544.6 ± 100.4 | 556.3 ± 99.9 | 0.01 |
No Obesity (n = 236) | n = 20 | n = 63 | n = 153 | |
Plank 4 (s) | 73.1 ± 38.6 | 85.9 ± 38.8 | 94.1 ± 41.9 | 0.06 |
Push ups 4 (repetitions) | 24.9 ± 12.9 | 27.0 ± 8.1 | 29.7 ± 10.4 | 0.07 |
Total grip strength 5 (kg) | 121.0 ± 22.6 | 120.6 ± 15.9 | 119.3 ± 17.0 | 0.83 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 6 (s) | 504.0 ± 89.5 a,b | 563.8 ± 95.8 | 572.0 ± 98.4 | 0.01 |
Obesity (n = 65) | n = 12 | n = 21 | n = 32 | |
Plank 7 (s) | 71.6 ± 22.1 | 77.7 ± 48.5 | 67.0 ± 26.9 | 0.63 |
Push ups 7 (repetitions) | 20.0 ± 9.3 | 18.9 ± 7.9 | 19.7 ± 9.0 | 0.93 |
Total grip strength 8 (kg) | 117.3 ± 23.0 | 118.2 ± 16.9 | 119.5 ± 20.5 | 0.95 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration (s) | 487.8 ± 104.5 | 488.9 ± 94.5 | 485.1 ± 73.1 | 0.99 |
Low TT (< 264 ng/dL) | Borderline TT (264–399 ng/dL) | Reference Range TT (400–916 ng/dL) | Adj. p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Entire Sample (n = 301) | n = 32 | n = 84 | n = 185 | * |
Plank 1 (s) | 80.5 ± 33.2 | 88.3 ± 41.0 | 86.0 ± 37.8 | 0.62 |
Push ups 1 (repetitions) | 26.6 ± 11.9 | 26.3 ± 8.0 | 26.8 ± 10.2 | 0.94 |
Total grip strength 2 (kg) | 120.9 ± 22.9 | 119.8 ± 16.1 | 119.2 ± 17.6 | 0.87 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 3 (s) | 527.0 ± 94.9 | 554.3 ± 97.7 | 546.9 ± 94.9 | 0.37 |
No Obesity (n = 236) | n = 20 | n = 63 | n = 153 | # |
Plank 4 (s) | 72.3 ± 39.4 | 85.9 ± 40.0 | 94.2 ± 42.5 | 0.06 |
Push ups 4 (repetitions) | 26.2 ± 11.9 | 27.0 ± 8.0 | 29.5 ± 10.3 | 0.14 |
Total grip strength 5 (kg) | 123.2 ± 22.0 | 120.7 ± 15.8 | 118.9 ± 16.9 | 0.52 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 6 (s) | 516.9 ± 92.7 | 563.7 ± 93.5 | 569.5 ± 103.2 | 0.08 |
Obesity (n = 65) | n = 12 | n = 21 | n = 32 | # |
Plank 7 (s) | 71.5 ± 23.2 | 77.7 ± 45.6 | 67.1 ± 27.5 | 0.58 |
Push ups 7 (repetitions) | 19.9 ± 8.0 | 18.8 ± 7.1 | 19.8 ± 9.1 | 0.90 |
Total grip strength 8 (kg) | 117.0 ± 23.8 | 118.2 ± 14.4 | 119.6 ± 20.5 | 0.92 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration (s) | 488.9 ± 99.3 | 488.4 ± 88.7 | 485.0 ± 73.9 | 0.99 |
Low TT (<264 ng/dL) | Borderline TT (264–399 ng/dL) | Reference Range TT (400–916 ng/dL) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
<45 years old (n = 214) | n = 17 | n = 60 | n = 137 | |
Plank 1 (s) | 72.9 ± 29.2 | 87.9 ± 43.3 | 89.1 ± 39.1 | 0.13 |
Push ups 1 (repetitions) | 27.2 ± 10.3 | 27.1 ± 8.4 | 29.4 ± 10.8 | 0.26 |
Total grip strength 1 (kg) | 124.3 ± 22.4 | 123.3 ± 15.9 | 121.1 ± 16.4 | 0.62 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 2 (s) | 510.3 ± 97.3 | 566.0 ± 90.8 | 573.7 ± 97.9 | 0.05 |
≥45 years old (n = 87) | n = 15 | n = 24 | n = 48 | |
Plank 3 (s) | 72.1 ± 38.7 | 72.9 ± 33.4 | 90.2 ± 46.4 | 0.16 |
Push ups 3 (repetitions) | 18.2 ± 12.0 | 19.6 ± 7.1 | 23.7 ± 9.6 | 0.09 |
Total grip strength 4 (kg) | 114.0 ± 22.1 | 111.9 ± 13.7 | 114.2 ± 19.9 | 0.84 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 5 (s) | 483.9 ± 91.4 | 489.8 ± 105.2 | 506.4 ± 89.1 | 0.64 |
Low TT (<264 ng/dL) | Borderline TT (264–399 ng/dL) | Reference Range TT (400–916 ng/dL) | Adj. p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
<45 years old (n = 214) | n = 17 | n = 60 | n = 137 | |
Plank (s) 1 | 83.0 ± 30.3 | 92.2 ± 42.6 | 85.9 ± 35.9 | 0.49 |
Push ups 1 (repetitions) | 30.4 ± 10.3 | 28.4 ± 8.0 | 28.4 ± 10.1 | 0.70 |
Total grip strength 1 (kg) | 123.8 ± 23.0 | 123.1 ± 16.0 | 121.2 ± 17.2 | 0.72 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 2 (s) | 532.8 ± 95.1 | 576.1 ± 90.8 | 566.5 ± 96.9 | 0.23 |
≥45 years old (n = 87) | n = 15 | n = 24 | n = 48 | |
Plank 3 (s) | 76.6 ± 41.1 | 78.5 ± 35.9 | 86.3 ± 37.6 | 0.59 |
Push ups 3 (repetitions) | 19.3 ± 11.1 | 20.9 ± 7.1 | 22.8 ± 8.7 | 0.34 |
Total grip strength 4 (kg) | 113.7 ± 22.5 | 111.4 ± 14.3 | 114.5 ± 20.8 | 0.82 |
Bruce Treadmill Test Duration 5 (s) | 493.0 ± 74.3 | 497.8 ± 99.3 | 499.8 ± 70.6 | 0.97 |
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Porto, L.G.G.; Soares, E.M.K.V.K.; Ranadive, S.M.; Lofrano-Porto, A.; Smith, D.L. Association of Endogenous Testosterone with Physical Fitness Measures during Firefighter Occupational Health Evaluations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030274
Porto LGG, Soares EMKVK, Ranadive SM, Lofrano-Porto A, Smith DL. Association of Endogenous Testosterone with Physical Fitness Measures during Firefighter Occupational Health Evaluations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(3):274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030274
Chicago/Turabian StylePorto, Luiz Guilherme Grossi, Edgard M. K. V. K. Soares, Sushant M. Ranadive, Adriana Lofrano-Porto, and Denise L. Smith. 2024. "Association of Endogenous Testosterone with Physical Fitness Measures during Firefighter Occupational Health Evaluations" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 3: 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030274