‘They Talk about the Weather, but No One Does Anything about It’: A Mixed-Methods Study of Everyday Climate Change Conversations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Peer and Public Climate Change Communication
1.2. Framing Climate Change Discourse
1.3. Social Media and Climate Change Discourse
2. Methods
2.1. Qualitative Methods
2.2. Quantitative and Mixed-Methods
3. Results
3.1. Qualitative Results
Climate Change Conversations
- Weather
My family lives in Western Colorado and there was a forest fire in California. The amount that was burned was so much that you could smell the fire in Colorado. We talked about how global warming could be blamed for that. We talked about how the drought in Colorado is caused by global warming and getting worse every year.
It has come up in various conversations with friends, family and acquaintances, often regarding drought and heat in my part of the country (Southwest). Also, being a gardener, I’ve discussed the longer growing season and longer transitional seasons (spring and fall) with other growers. Additionally, we’ve talked about wildfires and the pall of smoke that we’ve been living in. I talk about EV’s constantly and renewable energy sources.
My mom about how hot the summers are and how cold the winters are getting year over year. And since I live in Florida, the number of hurricanes have increased every year since the year 2000.
- 2.
- Impact
I talked with friends and family members about all sorts of things; ice melt, habitat loss of animals, migration of different species. Wildfires, drought, oceanic storms, many other things on the topic as well.
I have talked to several people about the various changes we have been noticing due to climate change, the biggest concern would be the disappearance of the bees as we need them to survive, also how we never see butterflies anymore as well as certain birds that used to visit regularly.
We were wondering about the ozone layer and if the hole that they said was in the ozone layer had gotten any bigger. All we hear now is about the polar ice caps melting.
My best friend and I talked about how I have decided that I may not want to have children anymore due to climate change. She has one kid, and does not think she will have more.
- 3.
- Actions
I talked to my wife and best friend about ocean cleanup, I talked to my dad about alternative fuel systems and river cleanup, and I talked to my spouse and friends about habitat diversity. I also talked to my wife and sister about recycling.
I send letters to those elected officials that represent me and my family and friends know where I stand on the issue. I also re-post significant information on Facebook.
Just friends and family in general topical discussions. We all do our own things like recycle or turn off lights or don’t reproduce more humans. But ultimately we all know what we do is a drop in the ocean to what corporations and governments could do.
I talked with my coworkers and we mostly addressed what type of energy plants we should enact as well as why we should enact them, especially nuclear. We also talked about the pros and cons of carbon tax and why it should be used on incentivizing people to switch to renewable energy sources and lowering taxes instead of punishing everyone.
- 4.
- Fault
I talked to my kids about it and I let them know how our behavior as a nation is causing the current situation and will affect future generations
I talked to my dad and my good friend. We talked about how weather is getting more severe in both directions. We talked about how the burden is often pushed onto us as individuals instead of corporations and industrial farms that do 99% of the damage.
- 5.
- Other
3.2. Why Climate Change Was Not Discussed
- Denial
Because I do not think its real. its just another way for the government to try and control us. Making the American people fight each other over nothing. Life is too short to be that serious about something that is blown out of the water so crazily.
It isn’t an issue at all. Climate change used to be called global warming (now debunked), then global freezing, then it became climate change because it can’t prove the previous results. It is political for money subsidies for failing development of green technologies.
I don’t care and view it more as climate shifting within earth’s natural cycle of changing patterns in heat and cold that happen every few hundred years
- 2.
- Not a priority
I think regular life… pandemics, work, children, even sports and puppies take precedence.(166)
I don’t care. I don’t have a wife or children so there will be nobody in the future that are a part of my progeny that will be affected by climate change. Plus, I hate talking to and dealing with people in general. Let them suffer the consequences of their own actions, I won’t do anything to help them.
- 3.
- Will not make a difference
The major problem with Climate Change is the big corps, and unless forced to stop, they will continue to mess everything up. The problem isn’t you, or your everyday person. Others still contribute to it, yes, but a majority of it comes from the corps.
Why would I? People either understand the science or they do not. Most people are not undecided due to lack of information. They believe what they want to. Nothing I say is going to change that.
- 4.
- Difficult to discuss
It’s not an issue my friends/family really discuss very often. I also find this issue to be very polarizing so it’s not much different than discussing politics or religion. Lastly, I wouldn’t consider myself to be very well informed on the matter.
They do not like talking about controversial topics. They do not want to be lectured. They told me that once when we were talking about immigration.
- 5.
- Not an issue they cared about
Because it’s a boring subject and nobody cares, and, It’s not a major concern to me; and thus, not worth discussing.
- 6.
- Not enough time
I’m really busy and it just doesn’t normally come up in conversation.
I’ve been too busy with work and taking care of my elderly mom. I don’t have time for socializing or much less anything else the last few months.
- 7.
- Did not come up
It doesn’t come up in my circles.
I didn’t talk to anyone about it because it was never a topic that came up in my conversations and it isn’t an issue that my friends or family talk about often.
- 8.
- Other
Because I don’t often talk to people in general
I don’t discuss my personal opinions about these topics
3.3. Mixed-Methods Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Talked Last Month N (%) | Didn’t Talk Last Month N (%) | Total Sample N (%) | Chi-Square | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 1.92 | 0.165 | |||
Male | 127 (34.8%) | 238 (65.2%) | 365 (45.3%) | ||
Female | 174 (39.5%) | 266 (60.5%) | 440 (54.7%) | ||
Race/Ethnicity | 1.80 | 0.773 | |||
White | 197 (37.3%) | 331 (62.7%) | 528 (65.6%) | ||
Black | 53 (40.2%) | 79 (59.8%) | 132 (16.4%) | ||
Hispanic | 29 (39.2%) | 45 (60.8%) | 74 (9.2%) | ||
Asian | 14 (30.4%) | 32 (69.6%) | 46 (5.7%) | ||
Other | 8 (32.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 25 (3.1%) | ||
Education | 1.24 | 0.266 | |||
Less than bachelor’s degree | 117 (35.1%) | 216 (64.9%) | 333 (41.4%) | ||
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 184 (39.0%) | 288 (61.0%) | 472 (58.6%) | ||
Income | 1.77 | 0.675 | |||
USD 60,000 or less | 170 (38.0%) | 277 (62.0%) | 447 (55.5%) | ||
More than USD 60,000 | 131 (36.6%) | 227 (63.4%) | 358 (44.5%) | ||
Age | 3.54 | 0.060 | |||
18–40 | 163 (34.7%) | 307 (65.3%) | 470 (58.4%) | ||
41–90 | 138 (41.2%) | 197 (58.8%) | 335 (41.6%) | ||
Political party | 13.175 | 0.004 | |||
Republican | 57 (27.7%) | 149 (72.3%) | 206 (25.6%) | ||
Democrat | 152 (43.1%) | 201 (56.9%) | 353 (43.9%) | ||
Independent | 77 (37.6%) | 128 (62.4%) | 205 (25.5%) | ||
Other | 15 (36.6%) | 26 (63.4%) | 41 (5.1%) | ||
How important is the issue of global warming to you personally? | 138.70 | <0.001 | |||
Extremely important | 140 (64.8%) | 76 (35.2%) | 216 (27.8%) | ||
Very important | 99 (43.6%) | 128 (56.4%) | 227 (28.2%) | ||
Somewhat important | 41 (20.4%) | 160 (79.6%) | 201 (25.0%) | ||
Not too or not at all important | 21 (13.0%) | 140 (87.0%) | 161 (20.0%) |
(A) | ||||
Theme | Codes | N | % | Total |
Weather | Changes in weather patterns and events over time: length of seasons, drought, wildfires, etc. | 72 | 24.2 | 298 |
Increased frequency of extreme weather: hurricanes, heat waves, etc. | 34 | 11.4 | 298 | |
Impact | Impact on future generations: not having more kids, frequency of disease | 12 | 4.0 | 298 |
Effects on animals and environment: impact on animals, bees, extinction, ozone, ice caps melting, rising sea levels | 21 | 7.0 | 298 | |
Important issue/worried | 8 | 2.7 | 298 | |
Actions | What individuals can do (not political actions): recycling, lifestyle, sharing information on social media, etc. | 39 | 13.1 | 298 |
Outreach to elected officials via letters | 1 | 0.03 | 298 | |
Policies/programs that should be enacted: alternative fuel sources, public transit | 13 | 4.0 | 298 | |
Fault | Corporations cause climate change | 6 | 2 | 298 |
Human caused climate change: pollution/fossil fuel emissions, destroying land | 15 | 5 | 298 | |
Other * | General conversation | 50 | 16.8 | 298 |
Non-specified topic: participant only reported whom they spoke to | 17 | 5.7 | 298 | |
Climate change is exaggerated/not real | 6 | 2.0 | 298 | |
Survival | 2 | 0.7 | 298 | |
Cannot do anything to solve climate change | 3 | 1 | 298 | |
Climate change used as a political tool | 4 | 1.3 | 298 | |
Frustration with climate change deniers | 3 | 1 | 298 | |
Efforts to educate others | 6 | 2 | 298 | |
Misunderstanding of climate change, e.g., not an issue | 9 | 3 | 298 | |
(B) | ||||
Theme | Codes | N | % | Total |
Denial | Effects of climate change are exaggerated | 7 | 1.4 | 485 |
Not a real issue/hoax | 31 | 6.4 | 485 | |
Misunderstanding of climate change, e.g., not an issue | 10 | 2.1 | 485 | |
Not a priority | COVID more pressing issue | 22 | 4.5 | 485 |
Climate change not a priority: personal life, family, other social issues more important | 70 | 14.4 | 485 | |
Will not make a difference | Discussions are ineffective/will not change anything | 23 | 4.7 | 485 |
We know where we stand on the issue, so don’t discuss | 14 | 2.9 | 485 | |
Difficult to discuss | Not informed enough to confidently discuss climate change or educate others | 16 | 3.3 | 485 |
Contentious topic/too political | 10 | 2.1 | 485 | |
Too hard to bring up (because topic is uncommonly discussed) | 4 | 0.8 | 485 | |
Other people don’t want to talk about it | 20 | 4.1 | 485 | |
Not an issue cared about | Not an issue they care/worry about/find important | 98 | 20.2 | 485 |
Don’t care about it | 13 | 2.7 | 485 | |
Not personally impacted | 7 | 1.4 | 485 | |
Not enough time | Too busy | 15 | 3.1 | 485 |
Did not come up | Topic did not come up in conversation | 149 | 30.7 | 485 |
Other * | Don’t talk to people often | 2 | 0.4 | 485 |
No reason | 16 | 3.3 | 485 | |
Other | 9 | 1.9 | 485 |
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Share and Cite
Latkin, C.A.; Dayton, L.; Winiker, A.; Countess, K.; Hendrickson, Z.M. ‘They Talk about the Weather, but No One Does Anything about It’: A Mixed-Methods Study of Everyday Climate Change Conversations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030279
Latkin CA, Dayton L, Winiker A, Countess K, Hendrickson ZM. ‘They Talk about the Weather, but No One Does Anything about It’: A Mixed-Methods Study of Everyday Climate Change Conversations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(3):279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030279
Chicago/Turabian StyleLatkin, Carl A., Lauren Dayton, Abigail Winiker, Kennedy Countess, and Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson. 2024. "‘They Talk about the Weather, but No One Does Anything about It’: A Mixed-Methods Study of Everyday Climate Change Conversations" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 3: 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030279