Food Security and Diet Quality Improvements among At-Risk, Low-Income, Older Adults following a Free Meal Pilot Program
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Researcher Training
2.2. Participant Recruitment and Eligibility
2.3. Data Collection Measures
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Full Cohort Descriptive Characteristics
3.2. Healthy Eating Index
3.3. Food Security Screener
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Descriptive Variable | |
---|---|
n = 50 | |
Sex | |
Male | 23 (46.0%) |
Female | 27 (54.0%) |
Age | 69.38 ± 7.00 |
Race | |
Black or African American | 25 (50.0%) |
White | 24 (48.0%) |
Biracial | 1 (2.0%) |
Education Level | |
Less than high school | 8 (16.0%) |
High school | 20 (40.0%) |
Some college | 13 (26.0%) |
4-year degree | 9 (18.0%) |
Income Level | |
USD 0–30,000 | 49 (98.0%) |
USD 31,000–60,000 | 1 (2.0%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | |
BMI Category | |
Underweight | 1 (2.2%) |
Normal | 6 (13.3%) |
Overweight | 12 (26.7%) |
Obese Class I | 8 (17.8%) |
Obese Class II | 11 (24.4%) |
Obese Class III | 7 (15.6%) |
Measure | Baseline | 3-Months | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
n = 50 | n = 35 | ||
FSS Score | 2.08 ± 2.25 | 1.63 ± 2.21 | 0.2490 |
FSS Category | 0.0006 | ||
High/Marginal | 26 (52.00%) | 23 (65.71%) | |
Low | 14 (28.00%) | 6 (17.14%) | |
Very Low | 10 (20.00%) | 6 (17.14%) | |
WHO Well-Being Index | 62.48 ± 25.93 | 64.57 ± 26.91 | 0.9765 |
HEI Score | 50.85 ± 14.53 | 48.90 ± 10.49 | 0.1785 |
SARC-F Score | 3.66 ± 2.53 | 3.71 ± 2.35 | 0.3788 |
UCLA Loneliness | 4.56 ± 1.64 | 4.83 ± 1.85 | 0.3468 |
MNA-sf | 10.93 ± 2.69 | 10.63 ± 2.55 | 0.7078 |
Explanatory Variable | Standardized Beta | Std Error | t | p Value | R Squared | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HEI | ||||||
Group | ||||||
Q1 | −0.5688 | 1.4806 | −6.79 | <0.0001 * | ||
Q3 | 0.1455 | 1.3101 | 1.85 | 0.0693 | ||
Q4 | 0.6965 | 1.4769 | 8.45 | <0.0001 * | ||
Time | −0.1018 | 0.8220 | −1.51 | 0.1356 | ||
Group*Time | ||||||
Q1 | 0.4612 | 1.4741 | 5.54 | <0.0001 * | ||
Q3 | −0.3391 | 1.3094 | −0.69 | 0.4908 | ||
Q4 | −0.0549 | 1.4443 | −4.21 | <0.0001 * | ||
Meal Utilization % | −0.0408 | 0.0319 | −0.60 | 0.5538 | ||
0.71 | ||||||
FSS | ||||||
Group | −0.6716 | 0.1829 | −8.49 | <0.0001 * | ||
Time | −0.1067 | 0.1819 | −1.36 | 0.1790 | ||
Group*Time | 0.2199 | 0.1818 | 2.77 | 0.0071 * | ||
Meal Utilization % | 0.0926 | 0.0068 | 1.18 | 0.2420 | ||
0.57 |
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Barr-Porter, M.; OoNorasak, K.; Stephenson, T.; Goodson, R.; Bonilla, S.; Alhamdani, A. Food Security and Diet Quality Improvements among At-Risk, Low-Income, Older Adults following a Free Meal Pilot Program. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030344
Barr-Porter M, OoNorasak K, Stephenson T, Goodson R, Bonilla S, Alhamdani A. Food Security and Diet Quality Improvements among At-Risk, Low-Income, Older Adults following a Free Meal Pilot Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(3):344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030344
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarr-Porter, Makenzie, Kendra OoNorasak, Tammy Stephenson, Ryan Goodson, Sofia Bonilla, and Abraham Alhamdani. 2024. "Food Security and Diet Quality Improvements among At-Risk, Low-Income, Older Adults following a Free Meal Pilot Program" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 3: 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030344