The Worldwide Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Registration, Study Design, Search Strategy, and Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Bias Risk Assessment
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection, Sample Size, and Risk of Bias Assessment
3.2. Overview of Included Studies
3.3. Cumulative and Subgroup Meta-Analyses
3.4. Meta-Regression Analysis, Leave-One-Out Analysis, and Publication Bias Assessment
4. Discussion
Limitations, Practical Implications, and Future Research Suggestions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Year of Publication | Country | Region | Country Classification by Income Level | Prevalence of IA | Sample Size | Mean Age | Data Collection Tool | Proportion of Males |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chaudhari et al. (2015) [23] | 2015 | India | Southeast Asian | Lower Middle Income | 0.589 | 282 | 19.9 | Young’s IA Test | 0.432 |
Capetillo-Ventura and Juárez-Treviño (2015) [7] | 2015 | Mexico | Americas | Upper Middle Income | 0.082 | 522 | 21.2 | Young’s IA Test | 0.538 |
Mohammadbeigi et al. (2016) [32] | 2016 | Iran | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.287 | 254 | 21.7 | Young’s IA Test | 0.160 |
Shaheen and Farahat (2016) [20] | 2016 | Egypt | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.457 | 396 | 19.7 | Young’s IA Test | 0.581 |
Ali et al. (2017) [22] | 2017 | Egypt | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.476 | 582 | N/A | Young’s IA Test | 0.349 |
Haroon et al. (2018) [46] | 2018 | Pakistan | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.079 | 140 | N/A | Tao IA Diagnostic Criteria | 0.485 |
Taha et al. (2019) [47] | 2019 | Saudi Arabia | Eastern Mediterranean | High Income | 0.124 | 209 | N/A | Young’s IA Test | 0.578 |
Javaeed et al. (2019) [19] | 2019 | Pakistan | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.524 | 210 | 21.8 | Young’s IA Test | 0.357 |
Mboya et al. (2020) [48] | 2020 | Tanzania | African | Lower Middle Income | 0.310 | 500 | 23.8 | Young’s IA Test | 0.584 |
Khazaie et al. (2021) [49] | 2021 | Iran | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.250 | 420 | 22.8 | Young’s IA Test | 0.466 |
Dhamnetiya et al. (2021) [50] | 2021 | India | Southeast Asian | Lower Middle Income | 0.413 | 201 | N/A | Young’s IA Test | 0.656 |
Ibrahim et al. (2022) [18] | 2022 | Egypt | Eastern Mediterranean | Lower Middle Income | 0.093 | 321 | 21.9 | Young’s IA Test | 0.455 |
Chauhan et al. (2022) [21] | 2022 | India | Southeast Asian | Lower Middle Income | 0.520 | 750 | 20.3 | Young’s IA Test | 0.624 |
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Salpynov, Z.; Kosherova, Z.; Sarría-Santamera, A.; Nurkatov, Y.; Gusmanov, A.; Semenova, Y. The Worldwide Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091146
Salpynov Z, Kosherova Z, Sarría-Santamera A, Nurkatov Y, Gusmanov A, Semenova Y. The Worldwide Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(9):1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091146
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalpynov, Zhandos, Zhanar Kosherova, Antonio Sarría-Santamera, Yerbol Nurkatov, Arnur Gusmanov, and Yuliya Semenova. 2024. "The Worldwide Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9: 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091146