Physical and Psychological Symptomatology, Co-Parenting, and Emotion Socialization in High-Conflict Divorces: A Profile Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Procedure
2.2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mothers (n = 130) | Fathers (n = 109) | Total (n = 239) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
Number of children | 2 | 0.93 | 2 | 0.76 | 2 | 0.62 |
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Educational level | ||||||
Less than primary education | 3 | 2.3 | 7 | 6.4 | 10 | 4.2 |
Primary studies | 64 | 49.2 | 64 | 58.7 | 129 | 53.8 |
Secondary studies | 8 | 6.2 | 3 | 2.8 | 11 | 4.6 |
BUP or FP | 20 | 15.4 | 16 | 14.7 | 36 | 15 |
Medium career | 10 | 7.7 | 6 | 5.5 | 16 | 6.7 |
Higher career | 11 | 8.5 | 9 | 8.3 | 20 | 8.3 |
Master’s or PhD | 13 | 10 | 4 | 3.7 | 17 | 7.1 |
Employment | ||||||
Unemployed | 17 | 13.1 | 5 | 4.6 | 22 | 9.2 |
Active | 57 | 43.8 | 66 | 60.6 | 124 | 51.7 |
Retired | 9 | 6.9 | 3 | 2.8 | 12 | 5 |
Disabled | 17 | 13.1 | 14 | 12.8 | 31 | 12.9 |
Sick leave | 10 | 7.7 | 9 | 8.3 | 19 | 7.9 |
Other | 18 | 13.8 | 9 | 8.3 | 27 | 11.3 |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 57 | 43.8 | 46 | 42.2 | 103 | 43.1 |
Separated | 10 | 7.7 | 4 | 3.7 | 14 | 5.9 |
Divorced | 49 | 37.7 | 38 | 34.9 | 87 | 36.4 |
Married, not a first marriage | 11 | 8.5 | 13 | 11.9 | 24 | 10 |
Common law couple | 1 | 0.8 | 3 | 2.8 | 4 | 1.7 |
Time since separation | ||||||
Not separated yet | 10 | 7.7 | 12 | 11 | 23 | 9.6 |
Only submitted the papers | 4 | 3.1 | 1 | <1 | 5 | 2.1 |
Less than two months | - | - | 1 | <1 | 1 | <1 |
Two to six months | 3 | 2.3 | 3 | 2.8 | 6 | 2.5 |
Six months to one year | 10 | 7.7 | 5 | 4.6 | 15 | 6.3 |
One to two years | 13 | 10 | 11 | 10.1 | 24 | 10 |
Two to three years | 13 | 10 | 16 | 14.5 | 29 | 12.1 |
More than three years | 48 | 36.9 | 34 | 31.2 | 82 | 34.2 |
Relationship with ex-spouse | ||||||
Non-existent | 91 | 70 | 82 | 75.2 | 173 | 72.4 |
Very scarce | 9 | 6.9 | 5 | 4.6 | 14 | 5.9 |
Restricted | 21 | 16.2 | 16 | 14.7 | 37 | 15.5 |
Fluid | 5 | 3.8 | 4 | 3.7 | 9 | 3.8 |
Type of custody | ||||||
Shared | 9 | 6.9 | 12 | 11 | 21 | 8.8 |
Exclusive | 103 | 79.2 | 23 | 21.1 | 126 | 52.5 |
Non-custodial | 18 | 13.8 | 73 | 67 | 92 | 38.3 |
Contact with the child | ||||||
Every day | 103 | 79.2 | 23 | 21.1 | 126 | 52.5 |
Several days a week | 7 | 5.4 | 22 | 20.2 | 29 | 12.1 |
Once a week | 6 | 4.6 | 22 | 20.2 | 28 | 12.1 |
Every two weeks | 11 | 8.5 | 33 | 30.3 | 44 | 18.3 |
Every month | - | - | 1 | <1 | 2 | 0.8 |
Less frequently | 3 | 2.3 | 8 | 7.3 | 11 | 4.6 |
Model | AIC | BIC | aBIC | Entropy | LMRa | BLRT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-profile model | 5701.030 | 5728.517 | 5703.517 | _ | _ | _ |
2-profile model | 5471.703 | 5516.952 | 5475.745 | 0.865 | 230.900 *** | 239.327 *** |
3-profile model | 5425.321 | 5487.972 | 5430.917 | 0.827 | 54.397 *** | 56.382 *** |
4-profile model | 5406.044 | 5486.098 | 5413.194 | 0.800 | 28.246 | 29.277 *** |
Anxiety | Depression | Physical | Co-Parenting | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
Profile 1 | 3.24 | 2.18 | 3.22 | 2.67 | 3.59 | 3.09 | 5.40 | 5.00 |
Profile 2 | 9.43 | 2.28 | 8.10 | 3.56 | 8.15 | 4.31 | 3.96 | 3.97 |
Profile 3 | 17.96 | 1.89 | 11.88 | 4.87 | 12.62 | 3.48 | 5.12 | 5.93 |
Profile 1 | Profile 2 | Profile 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | p | Estimate | p | Estimate | p | |
Anxiety | 1.39 | <0.001 | 3.89 | <0.001 | 7.50 | <0.001 |
Depression | 1.00 | <0.001 | 2.40 | <0.001 | 3.61 | <0.001 |
Physical | 0.97 | <0.001 | 2.25 | <0.001 | 3.49 | <0.001 |
Co-parenting | 1.13 | <0.001 | 0.86 | <0.001 | 1.07 | <0.001 |
Profile n | 126 | 86 | 36 | |||
% of the sample | 53% | 36% | 12% |
Antecedents | Profile 1 vs. 3 | Profile 2 vs. 3 | Profile 1 vs. 2 | |||
β | Adj. ORª | β | Adj. ORª | β | Adj. ORª | |
Gender | −1.29 *** | 0.28 *** | −0.02 | 0.98 | −1.26 *** | 0.28 *** |
Type of custody | 0.42 | 1.52 | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.32 | 1.37 |
Time since separation | 0.24 | 1.27 | 0.24 | 1.27 | −0.00 | 1.00 |
Time of relationship | −0.03 | 0.98 | 0.01 | 1.01 | −0.03 | 0.97 |
Frequency of contact | 0.29 | 1.34 | 0.12 | 1.13 | −0.54 | 1.19 |
Outcomes | Profile 1 vs. 3 | Profile 2 vs. 3 | Profile 1 vs. 3 | |||
χ2 | p | χ2 | p | χ2 | p | |
Emotion coaching | 34.66 | 0.000 | 0.49 | 0.485 | 42.95 | 0.000 |
Feelings of uncertainty/ineffectiveness | 0.32 | 0.574 | 0.78 | 0.378 | 0.26 | 0.612 |
Negative emotion rejection | 35.57 | 0.000 | 16.77 | 0.019 | 5.49 | 0.000 |
Negative emotion approval | 0.33 | 0.565 | 2.55 | 0.110 | 0.18 | 0.673 |
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Pellón-Elexpuru, I.; Martínez-Pampliega, A.; Cormenzana, S. Physical and Psychological Symptomatology, Co-Parenting, and Emotion Socialization in High-Conflict Divorces: A Profile Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091156
Pellón-Elexpuru I, Martínez-Pampliega A, Cormenzana S. Physical and Psychological Symptomatology, Co-Parenting, and Emotion Socialization in High-Conflict Divorces: A Profile Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(9):1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091156
Chicago/Turabian StylePellón-Elexpuru, Inés, Ana Martínez-Pampliega, and Susana Cormenzana. 2024. "Physical and Psychological Symptomatology, Co-Parenting, and Emotion Socialization in High-Conflict Divorces: A Profile Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9: 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091156