Radiation-Induced Childhood Thyroid Cancer after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Estimation of the Incidence Rate at the Time of Fukushima NPP Accident
3.2. Estimation of the Annual Incidence Rate after the Accident in BS and 4 Rounds of FSS
3.3. Annual Incidence Rate of “Common Case” before and after the Accident
3.4. Transition of the Annual Incidence Rate of Thyroid Cancer during Surveys after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NPP | Nuclear Power Plant |
BS | Basic Survey |
FSS | Full-Scale Survey |
95% CI | 95% Confidence interval |
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Survey | Area | Inspection Period (Year) | No. of Objects | No. of Examinees * | No. of Patients |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BS | A | 1 | 35,014 | 30,605 (87.4%) | 14 |
B | 2 | 114,825 | 98,808 (86.1%) | 56 | |
C | 3 | 78,616 | 59,714 (76.0%) | 33 | |
D | 3 | 36,772 | 23,552 (64.0%) | 12 | |
Total | 265,227 | 212,679 (80.2%) | 115 | ||
1st FSS | A | 3 | 37,025 | 25,873 (69.9%) | 17 |
B | 2 | 125,731 | 93,583 (74.4%) | 35 | |
C | 2 | 89,585 | 62,953 (70.3%) | 14 | |
D | 2 | 42,224 | 26,271 (62.2%) | 5 | |
Total | 294,565 | 208,680 (70.8%) | 71 | ||
2nd FSS | A | 2 | 35,154 | 214,25 (60.9%) | 6 |
B | 2 | 120,103 | 78,546 (65.4%) | 7 | |
C | 2 | 86,162 | 53,468 (62.1%) | 13 | |
D | 2 | 39,315 | 23,100 (58.8%) | 5 | |
Total | 280,734 | 176,539 (62.9%) | 31 | ||
3rd FSS | A | 2 | 33,382 | 19,108 (57.2%) | 2 |
B | 2 | 115,663 | 72,346 (62.5%) | 20 | |
C | 2 | 82,233 | 48,271 (58.7%) | 12 | |
D | 2 | 37,131 | 21,099 (56.8%) | 5 | |
Total | 268,409 | 160,824 (59.9%) | 39 | ||
4th FSS | A | 3 | 32,140 | 14,787 (46.0%) | 6 |
B | 3 | 112,762 | 54,391 (48.2%) | 23 | |
C | 3 | 74,592 | 31,990 (42.9%) | 14 | |
D | 3 | 33,444 | 12,791 (38.2%) | 3 | |
Total | 252,938 | 113,959 (45.1%) | 46 |
Area | BS | 1st FSS | BS and 1st FSS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elapsed Time (year) * | Incidence Rate ** | Elapsed Time (Year) * | Incidence Rate ** | Cumulative Sum | |
A | 1 | 45.7 | 4 | 65.7 | 111.4 |
B | 2 | 56.7 | 4 | 37.4 | 94.1 |
C | 3 | 55.3 | 5 | 22.2 | 77.5 |
D | 3 | 51.0 | 5 | 19.0 | 70.0 |
Survey | Area | Incidence Rate * | Inspection Period (Year) | Annual Incidence Rate ** (95% CI ***) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BS | A | 45.7 − 21.9 = 23.8 | 1 | 23.8 (17.7, 29.9) |
B | 56.7 − 21.9 = 34.8 | 2 | 17.4 (14.4, 20.5) | |
C | 55.3 − 21.9 = 33.4 | 3 | 11.1 (7.0, 15.2) | |
D | 51.0 − 21.9 = 29.1 | 3 | 9.7 (2.2, 17.3) | |
1st FSS | A | 65.7 | 3 | 21.9 (11.9, 31.7) |
B | 37.4 | 2 | 18.7 (14.3, 23.1) | |
C | 22.2 | 2 | 11.1 (6.6, 15.6) | |
D | 19.0 | 2 | 9.5 (2.3, 16.7) | |
2nd FSS | A | 28.0 | 2 | 14.0 (5.7, 22.3) |
B | 8.9 | 2 | 4.5 (2.2, 6.8) | |
C | 24.3 | 2 | 12.2 (7.4, 17.0) | |
D | 21.6 | 2 | 10.8 (3.6, 18.0) | |
3rd FSS | A | 10.5 | 2 | 5.2 (−1.5, 11.9) |
B | 27.6 | 2 | 13.8 (8.6, 19.1) | |
C | 24.9 | 2 | 12.4 (6.1, 18.8) | |
D | 23.7 | 2 | 11.8 (2.2, 21.5) | |
4th FSS | A | 40.6 | 3 | 13.5 (2.0, 27.3) |
B | 42.3 | 3 | 14.1 (6.9, 21.3) | |
C | 43.8 | 3 | 14.6 (4.6, 24.6) | |
D | 23.5 | 3 | 7.8 (−4.2, 19.8) |
Survey | Area | Incidence Rate * | Inspection Period (Year) | Annual Incidence Rate ** (95% CI ***) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BS at the time of accident | all areas | 11α **** = 3.65 | - | 3.65 (2.47, 4.83) |
BS after the accident | A | 12α = 3.98 | 1 | 3.96 (1.47, 6,45) |
B | (12 + 13)α = 8.30 | 2 | 4.15 (2.66, 5.64) | |
C | (12 + 13 + 14)α = 12.95 | 3 | 4.32 (1.75, 6.89) | |
D | (12 + 13 + 14)α = 12.95 | 3 | 4.32 (−0.71, 9,35) | |
1st FSS | A | (13 + 14 + 15)α = 13.94 | 3 | 4.65 (0.10, 9.20) |
B | (14 + 15)α = 9.63 | 2 | 4.82 (2,59, 7.05) | |
C | (15 + 16)α = 10.29 | 2 | 5.15 (2.11, 8.19) | |
D | (15 + 16)α = 10.29 | 2 | 5.15 (−0.18, 10.48) | |
2nd FSS | A | (16 + 17)α = 10.96 | 2 | 5.48 (−0.70, 11.66) |
B | (16 + 17)α = 10.96 | 2 | 5.48 (2.44, 8.52) | |
C | (17 + 17)α = 11.29 | 2 | 5.64 (1,72, 9.56) | |
D | (17 + 17)α = 11.29 | 2 | 5.64 (−0.57, 11.85) | |
3rd FSS | A | (17 + 17)α = 11.29 | 2 | 5.64 (−1.32, 12.60) |
B | (17 + 17)α = 11.29 | 2 | 5.64 (2.29, 8.99) | |
C | (17 + 17)α = 11.29 | 2 | 5.64 (1.33, 9.95) | |
D | (17 + 17)α = 11.29 | 2 | 5.64 (−1.00, 12.28) | |
4th FSS | A | (17 + 17 + 17)α = 16.93 | 3 | 5.64 (−3.25, 14.53) |
B | (17 + 17 + 17)α = 16.93 | 3 | 5.64 (1.11, 10.17) | |
C | (17 + 17 + 17)α = 16.93 | 3 | 5.64 (−0.57, 11.85) | |
D | (17 + 17 + 17)α = 16.93 | 3 | 5.64 (−4.57, 15.85) |
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Share and Cite
Sokawa, Y. Radiation-Induced Childhood Thyroid Cancer after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091162
Sokawa Y. Radiation-Induced Childhood Thyroid Cancer after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(9):1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091162
Chicago/Turabian StyleSokawa, Yoshihiro. 2024. "Radiation-Induced Childhood Thyroid Cancer after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9: 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091162