Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders’ Identity and Housing Status: The Impact on Historical Trauma and Perceived Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analytics Plan
3. Results
3.1. The Interaction between NHPI Identity and Houselessness on the Perceived Stress of Transition-Aged Youth
3.2. Houselessness, Historical Trauma, and Perceived Stress
3.3. NHPI Identity, Historical Trauma, and Perceived Stress
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Response Options | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Age | Range | 18–24 |
Mean | 21.37 | |
Standard Deviation | 1.93 | |
Race and Ethnicity a | American Indian or Alaskan Native | 2 (3.9%) |
Asian | 30 (58.8%) | |
Black or African American | 4 (7.8%) | |
Latinx or Hispanic | 10 (19.6%) | |
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 26 (51.0%) | |
White or European American | 25 (49.0%) | |
Other | 4 (7.8%) | |
Housing Status | Emergency Shelter | 12 (23.5%) |
Transitional Shelter | 5 (9.8%) | |
Outdoor Public Area | 2 (3.9%) | |
Living with family; Temporary | 8 (15.7) | |
Permanent Housing | 24 (47.1%) | |
Gender Identity b | Woman/female | 32 (62.7%) |
Man/male | 15 (29.4%) | |
Gender non-conforming | 2 (3.9%) | |
Prefer not to answer | 1 (2.0%) | |
Education b | Less than High School | 3 (5.9%) |
Some High School | 4 (7.8%) | |
High School Diploma or GED | 14 (27.5%) | |
Some College | 9 (17.6%) | |
Associate degree/Vocational | 7 (13.7%) | |
4-year College Degree | 7 (13.7%) | |
Graduate Degree | 3 (5.9%) | |
Income b | $0 to $15,000 | 21 (41.2%) |
$15,001 to $20,000 | 5 (9.8%) | |
$20,001 to $25,000 | 4 (7.8%) | |
$25,001 to $30,000 | 1 (2.0%) | |
$30,001 to $35,000 | 2 (3.9%) | |
$40,001 to $45,000 | 1 (2.0%) | |
$45,001 to $50,000 | 1 (2.0%) | |
$55,001 to $60,000 | 1 (2.0%) | |
$60,001 to $65,000 | 1 (2.0%) | |
Experience of Food Insecurity b | Daily | 7 (13.7%) |
More than once a week | 10 (19.6%) | |
More than once a month | 9 (17.6%) | |
Never | 20 (39.2%) | |
Access to Mental Health Services b | Yes | 32 (62.7%) |
No | 16 (31.4%) |
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Share and Cite
Palafu, T.; Carreira Ching, D.L.; Acosta, V.M.; Okamoto, S.K.; Okamura, K.H. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders’ Identity and Housing Status: The Impact on Historical Trauma and Perceived Stress. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091249
Palafu T, Carreira Ching DL, Acosta VM, Okamoto SK, Okamura KH. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders’ Identity and Housing Status: The Impact on Historical Trauma and Perceived Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(9):1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091249
Chicago/Turabian StylePalafu, Tessa, Danielle L. Carreira Ching, Veronica M. Acosta, Scott K. Okamoto, and Kelsie H. Okamura. 2024. "Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders’ Identity and Housing Status: The Impact on Historical Trauma and Perceived Stress" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9: 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091249