Toxic Metals (Pb and Cd) and Their Respective Antagonists (Ca and Zn) in Infant Formulas and Milk Marketed in Brasilia, Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Apparatus
2.2. Chemicals and Samples
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Metals | [Zn2+]/μg/L | [Pb2+]/μg/L | [Cd2+]/μg/L | [Ca2+]/mg/L |
---|---|---|---|---|
Method LOD and LOQ | 1.89; 6.32 | 2.71; 9.04 | 0.62; 2.08 | 0.206; 0.687 |
Linearity range | 31 a 244 | 5.3 a 42 | 9.8 a 77 | 0.69 a 208 |
Performance Parameters | ||||
Recovery | 92–93% | 91–111% | 95–100% | 90–110% |
Precision | 2–5% | 3–9% | 2–3% | 1–2% |
Accuracy | 0.001–0.19 | 0.9–1.6 | 0.02–0.63 | 0.01–0.08 |
Milk sample | ([Zn2+] ± s )a mg/g | ([Pb2+] ± s ) a mg/kg | ([Cd2+] ±s ) a mg/kg | ([Ca2+] ± s) a mg/g |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ninho +1 (L1) b | 0.0647 ± 0.0035 | 3.7084 ± 0.5819 | --------- | 5.719 ± 0.128 |
Nestogeno2 (L2) b | 0.0535 ± 0.0019 | 2.7971 ± 1.0983 | --------- | 4.430 ± 0.094 |
Ninho +3 (L3) | 0.0528 ± 0.0028 | 1.7148 ± 0.7589 | 0.0103±0.0000 | 5.459 ± 0.241 |
Nestogeno 1 (L4) b | 0.0559 ± 0.0011 | 2.5986 ± 1.2346 | --------- | 4.461 ± 0.296 |
NAN A.R (L5) b | 0.0505 ± 0.0095 | 1.2271 ± 0.0327 | --------- | 5.432 ± 0.333 |
NAN sem lactose(L6) b | 0.0568 ± 0.0005 | --------- | --------- | 6.750 ± 0.303 |
NAN 2 (L7) b | 0.0550 ± 0.0030 | --------- | --------- | 6.378 ± 0.339 |
Bebelac 1 (L8) b | 0.0712 ± 0.0120 | --------- | --------- | 6.605 ± 0.371 |
Aptamil 1 (L9) b | 0.1200 ± 0.0079 | --------- | --------- | 5.597 ± 0.224 |
Bebelac 2 (L10) b | 0.0424 ± 0.0020 | --------- | --------- | 4.792 ± 0.279 |
Nestogeno Plus (L11) b | 0.0298 ± 0.0060 | 3.3199 ± 1.5270 | --------- | 6.147 ± 0.440 |
Aptamil 2 (L12) b | 0.0205 ± 0.0023 | --------- | --------- | 3.573 ± 0.200 |
Elegê kids (L13) b | 0.1111 ± 0.0206 | 0.3251 ± 0.2041 | --------- | 6.605 ± 0.301 |
Ninho (L14) b | 0.0285 ± 0.0029 | 0.1586 ± 0.0704 | --------- | 6.584 ± 0.460 |
Glória integral (L15) | 0.0241 ± 0.0020 | 0.2559 ± 0.1492 | --------- | 13.150 ± 0.182 |
Itambé Desnatado (L16) | 0.0901 ± 0.0109 | --------- | --------- | 11.785 ± 0.027 |
Ninho +6 (L17) b | 0.0237 ± 0.0006 | 0.1964 ± 0.0000 | --------- | 9.370 ± 0.337 |
Molico desnatado (L18) | 0.0242 ± 0.0014 | --------- | --------- | 12.078 ± 0.352 |
Glória desnatado (L19) | 0.0310 ± 0.0073 | --------- | --------- | 13.107 ± 0.470 |
Itambé integral (L20) | 0.0286 ± 0.0003 | 0.1516 ± 0.0670 | --------- | 15.825 ± 0.395 |
Elegê integral (L21) | 0.0284 ± 0.0061 | 0.1235 ± 0.0858 | --------- | 13.146 ± 0.222 |
Leo (L22) | 0.0348 ± 0.0039 | --------- | --------- | 14.322 ± 0.529 |
Carrefour (L23) | 0.0276 ± 0.0029 | --------- | --------- | 14.377 ± 0.796 |
Milk sample | ([Zn2+] ± s ) a mg/L | ([Pb2+] ± s ) a mg/L | ([Cd2+] ± s ) a mg/L | ([Ca2+] ± s ) a g/L |
---|---|---|---|---|
Parmalat integral (L24) | 11.6525 ± 1.2498 | --------- | --------- | 3.617 ± 0.236 |
Parmalat calcio plus (L25) | 13.0846 ± 0.4000 | --------- | --------- | 1.681 ± 0.100 |
Parmalat Premium int. (L26) | 3.3773 ± 0.2244 | 0.1375 ± 0.0090 | --------- | 2.577 ± 0.182 |
Parmalat Premium desn. (L27) | 3.3624 ± 0.5214 | 0.1593 ± 0.0065 | --------- | 1.365 ± 0.070 |
Parmalat extra Premium (L28) | 4.4896 ± 0.6655 | 0.0618 ± 0.0208 | --------- | 2.423 ± 0.178 |
Dietlat cálcio plus (L29) | 3.1960 ± 0.0046 | 0.0112 ± 0.0002 | 0.0720 ± 0.0000 | 4.019 ± 0.286 |
Dietlat desnatado (L30) | 6.8179 ± 0.7231 | 0.2441 ± 0.0929 | 0.0330 ± 0.0000 | 2.118 ± 0.114 |
Parmalat Zymil (L31) | 5.7937 ± 1.7356 | 0.0927 ± 0.0163 | 0.0171 ± 0.0023 | 2.119 ± 0.072 |
Batavo sensy (L32) | 4.0326 ± 0.1260 | 0.0766 ± 0.0251 | 0.0573 ± 0.0300 | 1.926 ± 0.065 |
Batavo cálcio light (L33) | 4.0046 ± 0.2861 | 0.1211 ± 0.0736 | 0.0173 ± 0.0018 | 1.541 ± 0.076 |
Batavo ferro (L34) | 4.3945 ± 0.2825 | --------- | 0.0083 ± 0.0043 | 1.092 ± 0.083 |
Carrefour semidesnatado (L35) | 3.0400 ± 0.1791 | 0.0809 ± 0.0313 | --------- | 1.086 ± 0.074 |
Batavo semidesnatado (L36) | 3.3878 ± 0.1851 | 0.1059 ± 0.0254 | 0.0017 ± 0.0000 | 1.595 ± 0.084 |
Piracanjuba desnatado (L37) | 2.8128 ± 0.7274 | 0.1111 ± 0.0281 | 0.0071 ± 0.0000 | 0.919 ± 0.086 |
Compleite integral (L38) | 1.8559 ± 0.3373 | 0.0178 ± 0.0004 | 0.0571 ± 0.0011 | 1.020 ± 0.082 |
Compleite desnatado (L39) | 3.1868 ± 0.4768 | 0.0981 ± 0.0210 | 0.0058 ± 0.0000 | 2.826 ± 0.175 |
Batavo integral (L40) | 2.6017 ± 0.1867 | 0.0630 ± 0.0085 | --------- | 1.383 ± 0.084 |
Leitbom desnatado (L41) | 1.8538 ± 0.2670 | 0.1237 ± 0.0056 | --------- | 1.682 ± 0.092 |
Parmalat semidesnatado (L42) | 2.6025 ± 0.1138 | 0.1050 ± 0.0075 | 0.0186 ± 0.0000 | 1.449 ± 0.106 |
Itambé semidesnatado (L43) | 3.4107 ± 0.3615 | 0.0569 ± 0.0055 | 0.0412 ± 0.0000 | 1.105 ± 0.091 |
Italac light (L44) | 1.6272 ± 0.8564 | --------- | 0.0060 ± 0.0024 | 1.145 ± 0.028 |
Carrefour integra (L45) | 2.1363 ± 0.0491 | --------- | 0.0060 ± 0.0044 | 0.660 ± 0.056 |
Piracanjuba integral (L46) | 2.8251 ± 0.1588 | 0.1089 ± 0.0725 | 0.0157 ± 0.0069 | 0.998 ± 0.028 |
Marajoara desnatado (L47) | 1.7179 ± 0.3872 | 0.0866 ± 0.0243 | 0.0321 ± 0.0000 | 0.443 ± 0.033 |
Carrefour desnatado (L48) | 2.0203 ± 0.1637 | 0.0752 ± 0.0213 | 0.0441 ± 0.0000 | 0.244 ± 0.005 |
Batavo desnatado (L49) | 3.2939 ± 0.3178 | 0.0879 ± 0.0346 | 0.0129 ± 0.0044 | 0.631 ± 0.012 |
Parmalat ferro (L50) | 11.2455 ± 0.9657 | 0.0231 ± 0.0048 | 0.0141 ± 0.0033 | 0.969 ± 0.058 |
Leitbom integral (L51) | 1.9374 ± 0.6540 | 0.1034 ± 0.0320 | 0.0771 ± 0.0052 | 0.610 ± 0,035 |
Manacá light (L52) | 6.1996 ± 0.5509 | --------- | 0.0091 ± 0.0016 | 0.503 ± 0.027 |
Paulista semidesnatado (L53) | 10.4534 ± 0.0050 | --------- | 0.0040 ± 0.0004 | 0.405 ± 0.036 |
Extra integral (L54) | 2.5893 ± 0.3633 | 0.1271 ± 0.0714 | 0.0121 ± 0.0049 | 0.712 ± 0.038 |
Escolha econômica desn. (L55) | 2.8792 ± 0.9558 | --------- | --------- | 0.281 ± 0.025 |
Component | Variance (%) | Cumulative variance (%) |
---|---|---|
1 | 47.84 | 47.84 |
2 | 23.12 | 70.96 |
3 | 19.02 | 89.97 |
4 | 10.03 | 100.00 |
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Castro, C.S.P.D.; Arruda, A.F.; Cunha, L.R.D.; SouzaDe, J.R.; Braga, J.W.B.; Dórea, J.G. Toxic Metals (Pb and Cd) and Their Respective Antagonists (Ca and Zn) in Infant Formulas and Milk Marketed in Brasilia, Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7, 4062-4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7114062
Castro CSPD, Arruda AF, Cunha LRD, SouzaDe JR, Braga JWB, Dórea JG. Toxic Metals (Pb and Cd) and Their Respective Antagonists (Ca and Zn) in Infant Formulas and Milk Marketed in Brasilia, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2010; 7(11):4062-4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7114062
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro, Clarissa S. P. De, Andréa F. Arruda, Leandro R. Da Cunha, Jurandir R. SouzaDe, Jez W. B. Braga, and José G. Dórea. 2010. "Toxic Metals (Pb and Cd) and Their Respective Antagonists (Ca and Zn) in Infant Formulas and Milk Marketed in Brasilia, Brazil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7, no. 11: 4062-4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7114062