Sitting Time and Body Mass Index in Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Willing to Participate in a Lifestyle Intervention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sampling
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
- Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
References
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% | Mean ± SD | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Level of education | |||
Male | 55.1 | Low education | 47.3 | |
Female | 44.9 | Medium-level education | 30.5 | |
Age | 62.0 ± 9.9 | High education | 22.3 | |
Occupation | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.4 ± 5.0 | Employed | 34.2 | |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 60.6 | Homemaker | 21.0 | |
Total PA time (hours/day) | 0.53 ± 0.87 | Retired | 33.3 | |
Total sitting time (hours/day) | 6.41 ± 2.93 | Unemployed/disabled | 11.4 | |
Outcome expectancies (1–5) | 3.91 ± 0.40 | |||
Attitude (1–5) | 3.90 ± 0.41 | |||
Self-efficacy (1–5) | 3.96 ± 0.53 | |||
Subjective Norm (1–5) | 3.38 ± 0.82 | |||
Motivation to be physically active (1–10) | 7.66 ± 1.43 |
BMI (N = 221) | BMI > 30 (%) | |
---|---|---|
Low total sitting time/sufficient PA time (N =5 4) | 30.3 ± 4.0 * | 57.4 |
Low total sitting time/insufficient PA time (N = 42) | 31.1 ± 4.7 | 57.1 |
High total sitting time/sufficient PA time (N = 58) | 32.4 ± 5.9 | 65.5 |
High total sitting time/insufficient PA time (N=67) | 31.7 ± 5.0 | 61.2 |
Demographic characteristics | Cognitive factors | Behavioural factors | Weight status | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gendera | Age | Education | Occupation | Country of birth b | Outcome expectancies | Attitude | Self-efficacy | Subjective norm | Total sitting time | Total PA time | Obesity | ||||||
Low | Medium | High | Employed | Homemaker | Retired | Unemployed | |||||||||||
Outcome expectancies | 0.06 | −0.20 ** | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.21 ** | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.04 | 0.04 | |||||||
Attitude | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.12 | −0.09 | −0.05 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.13 | −0.13 | 0.00 | 0.31** | ||||||
Self-efficacy | −0.01 | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.07 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.08 | −0.10 | −0.10 | −0.01 | 0.51 ** | 0.36 ** | |||||
Subjective norm | 0.00 | −0.06 | 0.02 | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.02 | −0.08 | −0.07 | 0.12 | 0.23 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.21** | ||||
Total sitting time | −0.17* | −0.09 | −0.09 | −0.08 | 0.19 ** | 0.15 * | −0.18 ** | −0.00 | −0.00 | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.03 | −0.04 | 0.03 | |||
Total PA time | −0.09 | −0.05 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.12 | −0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.17* | ||
Obesity | 0.11 | −0.21 ** | 0.15 * | −0.11 | −0.06 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.16 * | 0.15 * | −0.01 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.01 | |
BMI | 0.09 | −0.33 ** | 0.18 ** | −0.08 | −0.14 * | 0.14* | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.13 * | 0.16 * | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.13 * | 0.13 * | −0.04 | 0.74** |
BMI kg/m2 | Obesity (0/1) | Motivation to be physically active | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
β | OR | 95% CI | β | |
Block 1 | ||||
Gender a | 0.07 | 1.48 | 0.64–3.40 | −0.10 |
Age | −0.39 *** | 0.95 ** | 0.90–1.00 | 0.02 |
Education b | ||||
medium | −0.15 ** | 0.52 | 0.25–1.09 | 0.16 ** |
High | −0.21 ** | 0.48 | 0.20–1.15 | −0.01 |
Occupation c | ||||
Homemaker | 0.04 | 1.13 | 0.34–3.70 | 0.01 |
Retired | 0.10 | 0.95 | 0.34–2.68 | −0.11 |
Unemployed/disabled | −0.00 | 0.47 | 0.15–1.51 | −0.10 |
Country of birth d | 0.04 | 1.84 | 0.40–8.47 | −0.03 |
Block 2 | ||||
Outcome expectancies | 0.09 | 1.88 | 0.70–5.05 | 0.15 |
Attitude | 0.01 | 2.19 | 0.86–5.53 | −0.03 |
Self-efficacy | −0.08 | 0.44 ** | 0.21–0.96 | 0.40 *** |
Subjective norm | 0.08 | 1.17 | 0.76–1.81 | −0.09 |
Block 3 | ||||
Total sitting time (hours/day) | 0.12 * | 1.14 ** | 1.00–1.29 | 0.01 |
Block 4 | ||||
Total PA time (hours/day) | −0.03 | 1.39 | 0.83–2.31 | −0.05 |
Block 5 | ||||
Obesity e | 0.13 ** | |||
R2 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.31 |
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Helmink, J.H.M.; Kremers, S.P.J.; Brussel-Visser, F.N.v.; Vries, N.K.d. Sitting Time and Body Mass Index in Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Willing to Participate in a Lifestyle Intervention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 3747-3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093747
Helmink JHM, Kremers SPJ, Brussel-Visser FNv, Vries NKd. Sitting Time and Body Mass Index in Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Willing to Participate in a Lifestyle Intervention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011; 8(9):3747-3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093747
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelmink, Judith H. M., Stef P. J. Kremers, Femke N. van Brussel-Visser, and Nanne K. de Vries. 2011. "Sitting Time and Body Mass Index in Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Willing to Participate in a Lifestyle Intervention" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 9: 3747-3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093747