Modulating the Gut Microbiota with Alginate Oligosaccharides In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Substrates and Strains
2.2. Basal Colon Media
2.3. Single-Strain Growth Experiment
2.4. Faecal Sample Preparation
2.5. In Vitro Gut Model CoMiniGut
2.6. Fermentation Conditions
2.7. SCFA Analysis
2.8. DNA Extraction
2.9. Amplicon Sequencing
2.10. High Throughput Sequencing and Data Treatment
3. Results
3.1. Single-Strain Growth Analysis
3.2. SCFA Production during In Vitro Simulated Colon Passage
3.3. Changes in the Simulated GM Composition during Gut Model CoMiniGut
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Source * | Strain Name | Glucose a | AOS a | Alginate b | Inulin a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bifidobacterium breve | BCCM/LMG | LMG 13208 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bifidobacterium longum | IFF | Bl-05 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bifidobacterium lactis | IFF | Bl-04 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bifidobacterium bifidum | IFF | Bb-06 | +++ | - | - | +++ |
Bifidobacterium adolescentis | DSMZ | DSM 20083 | +++ | + | + | +++ |
Bacteroides vulgatus | BCCM/LMG | LMG 17767 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bacteroides acidifaciens | DSMZ | DSM 15896 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | DSMZ | DSM 2079 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bacteroides fragilis | DSMZ | DSM 2151 | +++ | - | - | - |
Bacteroides ovatus | DSMZ | DSM 1896 | +++ | - | ++ | - |
Escherichia coli | ATCC | ATCC 43888 | +++ | - | - | +++ |
Enterobacter cloacae | UCPH | NTCT 11572 | +++ | - | - | - |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | UCPH | c132-98 WT | +++ | - | - | - |
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium | UCPH | SML 27C | +++ | - | - | - |
Cronobacter sakazakii | DSMZ | DSM 4485 | +++ | - | + | - |
Lactobacillus acidophilus | BCCM/LMG | LMG 9433 | +++ | - | - | - |
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus | DSMZ | DSM 20021 | +++ | - | - | - |
Lacticaseibacillus casei | DSMZ | DSM 20011 | +++ | + | + | - |
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | NCIMB | NCFB 151 | +++ | + | + | +++ |
Enterococcus faecium | DSMZ | DSM 2146 | +++ | + | - | ++ |
Enterococcus hirae | DSMZ | DSM 3320 | +++ | + | + | ++ |
Clostridium clostridioforme | DSMZ | DSM 933 | +++ | - | - | - |
Anaerostipes hardus | DSMZ | DSM 3319 | +++ | - | - | - |
Donor | Substrate | Concentration of Fatty Acids (µmol mL−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetic Acid | Butyric Acid | Propionic Acid | Total | ||
1 | Control | 14.4 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 16.90 |
AOS | 26.4 ± 0.5 *** | 0.6 ± 0.1 *** | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 28.60 * | |
Alginate | 25.9 ± 3.2 ** | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.6 * | 29.50 * | |
Inulin | 60.5 ± 5.6 ** | 5.1 ± 1.8 * | 17.9 ± 5.4 ** | 83.50 ** | |
2 | Control | 23.4 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 28.10 |
AOS | 28.3 ± 5.7 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 33.20 | |
Alginate | 23.3 ± 6.2 | 1.0 ± 0.6 ** | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 26.30 | |
Inulin | 44.5 ± 6.9 ** | 4.1 ± 7.7 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 50.40 ** | |
3 | Control | 13.3 ± 3.9 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 17.20 |
AOS | 29.2 ± 5.7 ** | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 1.7 * | 36.50 * | |
Alginate | 21.9 ± 4.2 * | 1.0 ± 0.2 * | 2.8 ± 0.2 ** | 25.70 * | |
Inulin | 30.7 ± 8.0 * | 22.6 ± 4.2 ** | 4.7 ± 1.1 * | 58.00 ** |
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Bouillon, G.; Gåserød, O.; Krych, Ł.; Castro-Mejía, J.L.; Kot, W.; Saarinen, M.T.; Ouwehand, A.C.; Nielsen, D.S.; Rattray, F.P. Modulating the Gut Microbiota with Alginate Oligosaccharides In Vitro. Nutraceuticals 2023, 3, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010003
Bouillon G, Gåserød O, Krych Ł, Castro-Mejía JL, Kot W, Saarinen MT, Ouwehand AC, Nielsen DS, Rattray FP. Modulating the Gut Microbiota with Alginate Oligosaccharides In Vitro. Nutraceuticals. 2023; 3(1):26-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleBouillon, Grégoire, Olav Gåserød, Łukasz Krych, Josué L. Castro-Mejía, Witold Kot, Markku T. Saarinen, Arthur C. Ouwehand, Dennis S. Nielsen, and Fergal P. Rattray. 2023. "Modulating the Gut Microbiota with Alginate Oligosaccharides In Vitro" Nutraceuticals 3, no. 1: 26-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3010003