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Review

Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance

by
Srikumar Chellappan
Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(12), 9956-9969; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120782
Submission received: 21 October 2022 / Revised: 13 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 December 2022 / Published: 17 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smoking Cessation after a Cancer Diagnosis)

Abstract

The adverse effects of smoking on human health have been recognized for several decades, especially in the context of cancer. The ability of tobacco smoke components, including tobacco-specific carcinogens and additive compounds such as nicotine, to initiate or promote tumor growth have been described in hundreds of studies. These investigations have revealed the tumor-promoting activities of nicotine and other tobacco smoke components and have also recognized the ability of these agents to suppress the efficacy of cancer therapy; it is now clear that smoking can reduce the efficacy of most of the widely used therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Several studies examined if continued smoking after cancer diagnosis affected therapy response; it was found that while never smokers or non-smokers had the best response to therapy, those who quit smoking at the time of diagnosis had higher overall survival and reduced side-effects than those who continued to smoke. These studies also revealed the multiple mechanisms via which smoking enhances the growth and survival of tumors while suppressing therapy-induced cell death. In conclusion, smoking cessation during the course of cancer therapy markedly increases the chances of survival and the quality of life.
Keywords: nicotine; smoking; survival; immunotherapy; drug resistance 5 nicotine; smoking; survival; immunotherapy; drug resistance 5

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chellappan, S. Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance. Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29, 9956-9969. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120782

AMA Style

Chellappan S. Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance. Current Oncology. 2022; 29(12):9956-9969. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120782

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chellappan, Srikumar. 2022. "Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance" Current Oncology 29, no. 12: 9956-9969. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120782

APA Style

Chellappan, S. (2022). Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance. Current Oncology, 29(12), 9956-9969. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120782

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