Journal Description
Current Oncology
Current Oncology
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published online by MDPI (from Volume 28 Issue 1-2021). Established in 1994, the journal represents a multidisciplinary medium for clinical oncologists to report and review progress in the management of this disease. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists (CAMO), the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), the Canadian Association of General Practitioners in Oncology (CAGPO), the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC), the Canadian Leukemia Study Group (CLSG) and others are affiliated with the journal and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Oncology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 21.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
- Journal Clusters of Oncology: Cancers, Current Oncology, Onco and Targets.
Impact Factor:
3.4 (2024);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.3 (2024)
Latest Articles
Parents’ Experiences and Clinicians’ Perceptions of Managing Cancer Pain in Young Children at Home
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100538 - 26 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background: Pain is a prevalent and distressing symptom for children with cancer, negatively affecting quality of life and family functioning. While most research focuses on hospital-based care, many pain episodes occur at home, where parents act as primary caregivers with limited access to
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Background: Pain is a prevalent and distressing symptom for children with cancer, negatively affecting quality of life and family functioning. While most research focuses on hospital-based care, many pain episodes occur at home, where parents act as primary caregivers with limited access to evidence-based symptom management. Young children are particularly vulnerable due to limited self-reporting capacity and reliance on parental assessment. We aimed to explore parent experiences and pediatric oncology clinician perceptions of young children’s cancer pain at home, its impact on families, and recommended supports. Methods: Using an interpretive descriptive qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with parents of children aged 2–11 years undergoing outpatient cancer treatment and clinicians at two hospitals in Canada and the United States. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: In total, 21 parents and 21 clinicians participated. Three themes were developed: (1) the multifaceted experience of young children’s cancer pain at home, (2) the ripple effects of a young child’s cancer pain on the family unit, and (3) assessing and treating children’s cancer pain at home. Conclusion: Managing cancer pain at home places substantial emotional and practical demands on the families of young children. Our findings highlight that structured supports providing parents and clinicians with education, effective communication pathways, and collaboration opportunities may optimize home-based pain care, reduce caregiving burden, and improve outcomes for children and their families.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")
Open AccessArticle
Examining a Genomic Test in Predicting Extended Endocrine Benefit and Recurrence Risk in a Diverse Breast Cancer Population
by
Ho Hyun Lee, Nicholas Siu-Li, Ian Pagano and Jami Aya Fukui
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100537 - 25 Sep 2025
Abstract
(1) Background: Extended endocrine therapy (EET) beyond five years can reduce distant recurrence in early-stage hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) predicts recurrence risk and EET benefits, yet racial/ethnic differences in its results remain unexplored. This study evaluates such
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(1) Background: Extended endocrine therapy (EET) beyond five years can reduce distant recurrence in early-stage hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) predicts recurrence risk and EET benefits, yet racial/ethnic differences in its results remain unexplored. This study evaluates such differences in a diverse early-stage HR+ breast cancer population. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed demographics, tumor characteristics and BCI scores of 159 women in Hawaii with early-stage HR+ breast cancer, self-identifying as Caucasian, Filipino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian, Other Asian/Pacific Islander, or Other. Tumor characteristics included size, grade, histology, lymph node/receptor status, Oncotype DX score, and laterality. Logistic regression used demographics and tumor features as predictor variables, with BCI’s benefit prediction and recurrence risk as outcome variables. (3) Results: Japanese and other Asian/Pacific Islander patients had significantly lower odds of high recurrence risk compared to Caucasian patients. Higher recurrence risk was associated with greater odds of predicted EET. Racial/ethnic differences in EET benefit prediction were not statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: No racial/ethnic differences in EET benefit prediction suggest BCI’s applicability in racially and ethnically diverse populations. Findings among Japanese and other Asian/Pacific Islanders point to potential biological or socioeconomic variation. Limitations include sample size and underrepresentation of certain groups. Future studies should address these gaps and adjust for known risk factors to further clarify BCI’s racial and ethnic implications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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Open AccessReview
Bridging Knowledge Gaps in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Data, Challenges and Priorities
by
Chiara Catania, Priscilla Cascetta, Alessandro Russo, Emily Governini, Marzia Bendoni, Alice Laffi, Ilaria Piloni, Fabio Conforti, Laura Pala, Emilia Cocorocchio, Giovanni Ceresoli, Marzia Locatelli, Daniele Laszlo, Flaminia Facella and Tommaso De Pas
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100536 - 25 Sep 2025
Abstract
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy representing approximately 15% of all lung cancers. Characterized by rapid progression, early metastasis, and high circulating tumor cell burden, SCLC has a poor prognosis. Although initial responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are
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Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy representing approximately 15% of all lung cancers. Characterized by rapid progression, early metastasis, and high circulating tumor cell burden, SCLC has a poor prognosis. Although initial responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are common, relapse due to acquired resistance is nearly inevitable. Molecular studies have identified four transcription factor–driven subtypes—ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1—each with distinct biological traits and therapeutic vulnerabilities. However, clinical classification remains largely homogeneous, limiting precision treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has modestly improved survival, as demonstrated in trials like IMpower133, CASPIAN, and ADRIATIC. Yet only a small subset of patients—approximately 12%—achieve long-term survival beyond five years. Understanding the biological and immunological profiles of these exceptional responders is critical. Future research should prioritize comprehensive biomarker integration, including PD-L1, TMB, DLL3, CD3, and emerging targets. Novel agents such as tarlatamab (DLL3-targeting) and ifinatamab deruxtecan (B7-H3–targeting) have shown encouraging efficacy in early-phase trials, though predictive markers remain elusive. A multi-dimensional approach combining tissue, blood, and immune profiling is essential to advance precision oncology in SCLC and improve patient selection for emerging therapies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Features of Intraosseous Hibernoma: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
by
Jawad Albashri, Ahmed Albashri, Muhannad Alhamrani, Abdulrahman Hassan, Hisham Shamah, Rayan Alhefzi, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Mohammed R. Algethami, Louis-Romée Le Nail and Ramy Samargandi
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100535 - 24 Sep 2025
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Intraosseous hibernoma (IOH) is a rare benign tumor composed of brown adipose tissue within the bone, frequently mimicking metastatic lesions and leading to diagnostic challenges. This systematic review aimed to consolidate and analyze all published IOH cases to improve recognition and inform management.
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Intraosseous hibernoma (IOH) is a rare benign tumor composed of brown adipose tissue within the bone, frequently mimicking metastatic lesions and leading to diagnostic challenges. This systematic review aimed to consolidate and analyze all published IOH cases to improve recognition and inform management. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to March 2025. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported histopathologically confirmed cases of intraosseous hibernoma (IOH) in human patients. A total of 62 cases from 30 studies were included. The mean age was 59.2 years, with a female predominance. Lesions were most frequently located in the pelvis and spine and were typically identified incidentally during cancer staging or imaging performed for unrelated indications. Imaging often revealed sclerotic patterns on computed tomography (CT), hyperintense signals on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences, and mild to moderate uptake on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). Immunohistochemistry consistently showed S100 protein positivity. Most patients underwent biopsy and were managed conservatively, with no cases of malignant transformation reported. IOH is a benign entity with distinctive radiologic and immunohistochemical features that may mimic malignancy. Awareness of its presentation can reduce misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions, supporting biopsy-based confirmation and conservative management in most cases.
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Open AccessArticle
Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value as a Predictor of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Pilot Study
by
Ali Erhan Eren, Asim Armagan Aydin, Eren Erdi Aksaray, Arda Durak, Ahmet Unlu, Mahmut Ekrem Islamoglu, Banu Ozturk and Mustafa Yildiz
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100534 - 24 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) demonstrates considerable heterogeneity, with markedly varying outcomes between non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), derived from routine hematological parameters, has emerged as a novel biomarker reflecting systemic inflammation and
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Background: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) demonstrates considerable heterogeneity, with markedly varying outcomes between non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), derived from routine hematological parameters, has emerged as a novel biomarker reflecting systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. This pilot, exploratory analysis evaluated the prognostic relevance of the PIV in UCB and contextualized PIV against other inflammation-based indices. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 119 patients with histologically confirmed UCB who were treated between 2019 and 2024. PIV was calculated as (neutrophils × platelets × monocytes) ÷ lymphocytes. Additional indices included the NLR, SII, SIRI, and PLR. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and prognostic factors were assessed using Cox regression. Results: Among 119 patients (median age, 72 years; 88% male), 68 were diagnosed with NMIBC and 51 with MIBC. Elevated PIV levels were significantly associated with NMIBC progression to MIBC (p = 0.028) and strongly correlated with NLR, SII, SIRI, and PLR. Patients with high PIV exhibited shorter OS (24 vs. 45 months) and PFS (20 vs. 35 months) than those with low patients (p < 0.001). Although the prognostic value was evident in the univariate analyses, PIV did not retain significance in multivariate models. Conclusion: Elevated PIV levels predict adverse survival outcomes and progression in UCB, underscoring its potential as a cost-effective and accessible biomarker for risk stratification. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is warranted to confirm its role in personalized patient management.
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(This article belongs to the Section Oncology Biomarkers)
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Open AccessArticle
Deep Learning-Based 30-Day Mortality Prediction in Critically Ill Bone and Bone Marrow Metastasis Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
by
Yixi Wang, Lintao Xia, Yuqiao Tang, Wenzhe Li, Jian Cui, Xinkai Luo, Hongyuan Jiang and Yuqian Li
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100533 - 24 Sep 2025
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow Metastasis (BBM) are life-threatening complications of advanced malignancies, frequently requiring intensive care and associated with high short-term mortality. However, prognostic tools specifically tailored to critically ill BBM patients are limited. This multicenter cohort study aimed to develop and validate
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Bone and bone marrow Metastasis (BBM) are life-threatening complications of advanced malignancies, frequently requiring intensive care and associated with high short-term mortality. However, prognostic tools specifically tailored to critically ill BBM patients are limited. This multicenter cohort study aimed to develop and validate deep learning models for predicting 30-day mortality using ICU data from MIMIC-IV, eICU-CRD, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. After univariate screening, XGBoost-Boruta and Lasso regression identified 11 key clinical features within 24 h of ICU admission. Thirteen deep learning models were trained using five-fold cross-validation, and their performance was evaluated through AUC, average precision, calibration, and decision curves. TabNet achieved the best internal performance (AUC 0.878; AP 0.940) and maintained strong discrimination in both same-region (eICU: AUC 0.840; AP 0.932) and cross-regional (Xinjiang: AUC 0.831; Accuracy 80.5%) validation. SHAP and attention-based interpretability analyses consistently identified SOFA, serum calcium, and albumin as dominant predictors. A TabNet-based online calculator was subsequently deployed to enable bedside mortality risk estimation. In conclusion, TabNet demonstrates potential as an accurate and interpretable tool for early mortality risk stratification in critically ill BBM patients, offering support for more timely and individualized decision-making in BBM-related critical care.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Treatment of Bone Metastasis)
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Open AccessArticle
A Phase Ib Study of Indirect Immunization with Oregovomab and Toll-like-Receptor-3 Stimulation with Hiltonol® in Patients with Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
by
Robert W. Holloway, Sarah M. Temkin, Sarah W. Gordon, Sunil Gupta, Srinivasa R. Jada, Sarfraz Ahmad and William P. McGuire
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100532 - 24 Sep 2025
Abstract
Objectives: This phase Ib study assessed the safety and compatibility of indirect oregovomab immunization and Toll-like-receptor-3 (TLR3) stimulation with immune adjuvant Hiltonol® (poly-ICLC) and induced clinically relevant CA125-specific anti-tumor immunity in heavily pretreated patients with progressive platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). Methods
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Objectives: This phase Ib study assessed the safety and compatibility of indirect oregovomab immunization and Toll-like-receptor-3 (TLR3) stimulation with immune adjuvant Hiltonol® (poly-ICLC) and induced clinically relevant CA125-specific anti-tumor immunity in heavily pretreated patients with progressive platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). Methods: Patients with elevated serum CA125 level >50 U/mL received four intravenous infusions with 2 mg oregovomab followed by 2 mg Hiltonol® intramuscular 30 min and 48 h post-oregovomab at weeks 0, 3, 6, and 9. At week 12, imaging was performed, and salvage chemotherapy was allowed post-progression per the investigator’s discretion. The Fifth/final oregovomab with Hiltonol® infusion was given at week 16. Results: Fifteen enrolled patients were analyzed for safety and efficacy. Thirteen (87%) patients completed at least three Hiltonol® infusions with oregovomab, specifically, two cycles (n = 2), three cycles (n = 2), four cycles (n = 3), and five cycles (n = 8). Adverse events included mild fatigue, flu-like symptoms, chills, axillary pain, and injection site discomfort in 13 (87%) patients. Serious adverse events were reported in seven (47%) patients, including Grade 3 hypertension (n = 2), thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and Grade 3 events attributed to underlying disease (n = 4). Ten (67%) patients had disease progression, three (20%) had stable disease, and two were unevaluable. Early humoral response by week 6 was observed in seven of nine (77%) patients, median progression-free survival was 2.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 3.3), and median overall survival was 15.0 months (95% CI: 8.2–23.9). Conclusions: The safety and compatibility of combining oregovomab with Hiltonol® have been demonstrated in this study. The potential to enhance activity of chemotherapy using oregovomab indirect immunization and Hiltonol® stimulation is proposed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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Open AccessReview
The Role of Intracellular Lipid-Binding Proteins in Digestive System Neoplasms
by
Christos Kakouratos, Adriana Fernandez Garcia, Pramod Darvin and Hemant M. Kocher
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100531 - 24 Sep 2025
Abstract
Intracellular lipid-binding proteins (iLBPs) are key mediators of intracellular transport for fatty acids and retinoids, functioning as lipid chaperones. Beyond lipid transport, iLBPs regulate signalling pathways, gene expression, oxidative balance, and inflammation. Furthermore, they are increasingly recognised for their involvement in gastrointestinal (GI)
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Intracellular lipid-binding proteins (iLBPs) are key mediators of intracellular transport for fatty acids and retinoids, functioning as lipid chaperones. Beyond lipid transport, iLBPs regulate signalling pathways, gene expression, oxidative balance, and inflammation. Furthermore, they are increasingly recognised for their involvement in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, especially in cancer. iLBPs are classified into four different subfamilies, each displaying distinct tissue distributions and ligand preferences. Functional roles are context-dependent, for instance, CRABP2 may act as either tumour suppressor or promoter, and FABP4 exhibits metabolic state dependent effects. These proteins also influence drug resistance, immune evasion, and lipid-mediated signalling. Overall, iLBPs extend beyond lipid trafficking to intersect with oncogenic pathways, influence cell fate, and affect treatment response, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI oncology.
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(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
PET/CT Imaging Characteristics of Gastric-Type Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: Findings from a Small Exploratory Series
by
Yun Wang, Xuan Zhou, Yun Xi, Hanmei Lou, Linfa Li, Heqing Yi and Tao Zhu
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100530 - 23 Sep 2025
Abstract
Objective: To identify distinctive 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computer tomography (CT) features of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GAS) that differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA), as well as to correlate these findings with pathological characteristics. Methods: Patients treated
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Objective: To identify distinctive 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computer tomography (CT) features of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GAS) that differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA), as well as to correlate these findings with pathological characteristics. Methods: Patients treated between December 2018 and December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The study included 12 GAS, 48 SCC, and 30 UEA cases. Evaluated parameters included tumor morphology, cystic components, uterine cavity fluid, N/M staging, tumor diameter, the cervical lesion maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and the tumor-to-liver maximum standardized uptake ratio (T/L SUVmax). Results: GAS predominantly exhibited diffuse infiltrative growth (11/12), in contrast to mass-like growth observed in SCC (37/48) and UEA (24/30) (both p < 0.001). Cystic components, uterine cavity fluid, and peritoneal metastasis occurred significantly more frequently in GAS (12/12, 11/12, 5/12, respectively) compared to SCC and UEA (all p < 0.001). Elevated CA19-9 levels were more common in GAS (9/12) compared with SCC (p < 0.001). Tumor diameter did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05). SUVmax and T/L SUVmax values were significantly lower in GAS (7.5 ± 3.8 and 2.5 ± 1.6, respectively) than in UEA (19.1 ± 11.4 and 5.7 ± 3.4) and SCC (17.4 ± 6.7 and 5.5 ± 2.6) (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of GAS include infiltrative tumor growth, fluid accumulation in the uterine cavity, frequent formation of microcystic or macrocystic components, peritoneal metastasis, and elevated CA19-9 levels. In this cohort, SUVmax and T/L SUVmax values in GAS were significantly lower than those observed in SCC and UEA.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
Public Engagement with Lung Cancer Screening Information: Topic Modeling of Lung Cancer-Related Reddit Posts
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Aditi Jaiswal, Samia Amin, Sayed M. S. Amin, Donghee Nicole Lee, Sungshim Lani Park and Pallav Pokhrel
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100529 - 23 Sep 2025
Abstract
Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography is an effective strategy for early detection and improved survival. Despite its clinical benefits, public engagement with LCS topic remains unclear, particularly in the digital health communities. This study examines the thematic landscape of lung
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Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography is an effective strategy for early detection and improved survival. Despite its clinical benefits, public engagement with LCS topic remains unclear, particularly in the digital health communities. This study examines the thematic landscape of lung cancer-related discussions on Reddit. Using Python’s Reddit API Wrapper, we collected 109,868 posts from six lung cancer-related subreddits between January 2019 and December 2024. After preprocessing, 105,118 unique posts were analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling to identify emergent themes. Topics were qualitatively reviewed and categorized into four high-level themes: treatment, mental health, smoking, and LCS. Mental health (71.82%) and treatment (16.84%) dominated the discourse, followed by smoking (8.30%), while LCS remained underrepresented (3.04%). Despite an increase in overall engagement from 2022 onward, LCS-related posts remained sparse, with no sustained upward trend. Reddit users frequently discuss treatment and mental health concerns related to lung cancer but rarely engage with LCS as a topic, revealing a critical gap in public awareness. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to promote LCS awareness on social media platforms, leveraging the platforms’ growing role in health communication.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
Long-Term Risk of Pancreatic Cancer After Acute Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Insecticide Exposure: A Nationwide Cohort Study
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JeongMi Moon, EuJene Jung, ByeongJo Chun, DongKi Kim and YeonJi Seong
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(10), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32100528 - 23 Sep 2025
Abstract
This nationwide cohort study investigated whether a single episode of acute exposure to high-dose acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor insecticide is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were analyzed. The case group (n =
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This nationwide cohort study investigated whether a single episode of acute exposure to high-dose acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor insecticide is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were analyzed. The case group (n = 938) included adults exposed to organophosphate or carbamate insecticide and the control group (n = 3752) was matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests evaluated differences in pancreatic cancer incidence. Over 33,219.8 person-years of follow-up, pancreatic cancer developed in 9 patients in the case group and 19 patients in the control group. The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer was significantly higher in the case group (log-rank p < 0.01). Acute high-dose exposure to AChE inhibitor insecticide was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (adjusted HR: 2.57). The risk was particularly elevated among women (HR: 5.85) and individuals with diabetes (HR: 2.75). Acute high-dose exposure to AChE inhibitor insecticide may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Women and those with diabetes may represent high-risk subgroups. These findings highlight the need for targeted cancer surveillance and further confirmatory studies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
Physicians’ Controversies Towards Fertility Preservation in Young Patients with Gynecological Cancer: An MITO Survey
by
Giacomo Corrado, Inge Peters, Erica Silvestris, Raffaella Cioffi, Marcello Iacobelli, Emanuela Mancini, Riccardo Vizza, Sofia Thiella, Gennaro Cormio, Sandro Pignata and Giorgia Mangili
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090527 - 21 Sep 2025
Abstract
Guidelines on fertility preservation (FP) have been developed to help young women preserve their fertility, which may have been impaired due to cancer. Nevertheless, the correct management of oncological patients of childbearing age remains controversial, especially regarding gynecological malignancies. For this reason, we
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Guidelines on fertility preservation (FP) have been developed to help young women preserve their fertility, which may have been impaired due to cancer. Nevertheless, the correct management of oncological patients of childbearing age remains controversial, especially regarding gynecological malignancies. For this reason, we explored the current knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of physicians towards the challenges of FP in this population. A specially developed questionnaire on fertility-related issues in patients with gynecological cancer was administered via email to 167 people, representing 167 centers of the Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer and gynecologic malignancies (MITO) group. A total of 56 physicians, who represented 56 out of these 167 centers, responded to our survey (response rate: 33.5%). Approximately half of these physicians stated that they had adequate knowledge about the use of gonadotropin-releasing analog (GnRHa) injections (n = 30; 53.6%), the cryopreservation of oocytes (n = 25; 44.6%), and the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue (n = 27; 48.2%) in patients with gynecological tumors. Meanwhile, regarding (borderline) ovarian tumors, endometrial or cervical cancer, and genetic mutation carriers, attitudes varied substantially. In conclusion, the results of our survey highlight the different perspectives on controversial topics among physicians directly involved in the treatment of these tumors. These findings also demonstrate the lack of evidence on these issues to adequately counsel this specific patient population.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
Cytotoxicity of Esculetin Compared with Vinblastine and Paclitaxel in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells
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Ana I. García-Pérez, Virginia Rubio, Angel Herráez, Lilian Puebla and José C. Diez
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090526 - 20 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metastatic prostate cancer is among the therapy-resistant human neoplasms. PC-3 is a commonly used experimental cell line that does not express androgen receptors. We compared the cytotoxicity of esculetin with that of vinblastine and paclitaxel on prostatic tumour PC-3 cells. Methods: Cells
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Background/Objectives: Metastatic prostate cancer is among the therapy-resistant human neoplasms. PC-3 is a commonly used experimental cell line that does not express androgen receptors. We compared the cytotoxicity of esculetin with that of vinblastine and paclitaxel on prostatic tumour PC-3 cells. Methods: Cells were treated with either esculetin (100 or 250 μM), vinblastine (50 μM) or paclitaxel (100 or 200 μM) for 19 to 72 h. Cells were assessed for metabolic viability, membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle analysis. Apoptosis was checked with annexin and propidium iodide. Results: Esculetin decreased the metabolic activity of PC-3 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent way. The metabolic activity of vinblastine- and paclitaxel-treated cells did not show time-dependence. Cells treated with 250 µM esculetin for 48 or 72 h showed apoptosis levels similar to those produced by 50 µM vinblastine at these incubation times or by 200 µM paclitaxel at 19 h. Vinblastine and paclitaxel produced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase after incubation for 19 h. In contrast, esculetin did not significantly affect the cell cycle. Conclusions: A differential action of esculetin on PC-3 prostate cells may be inferred. This may be relevant for novel therapies against resistant prostate cancer.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection New Insights into Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Open AccessPerspective
Measles Outbreaks and Implications for Patients Receiving Stem Cell or Cellular Therapies in Canada: Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC) Infectious Diseases Working Committee
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Simon F. Dufresne, Mohammadreza R. Shahmirzadi, Uday Deotare, Dima Kabbani, Shahid Husain, Coleman Rotstein and Seyed M. Hosseini-Moghaddam
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090525 - 19 Sep 2025
Abstract
Measles exposures have historically been rare since the introduction of routine vaccination programs, resulting in a lack of attention from cancer patients, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients, patients receiving cellular therapy (CT) and their healthcare providers. It is essential to acknowledge the
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Measles exposures have historically been rare since the introduction of routine vaccination programs, resulting in a lack of attention from cancer patients, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients, patients receiving cellular therapy (CT) and their healthcare providers. It is essential to acknowledge the importance of vigilance in these situations. Measles herd immunity has declined significantly in North America due to rising vaccine hesitancy, resulting in outbreaks. Measles can result in severe outcomes, and its reemergence has raised alarm among patients and healthcare professionals caring for HCT/CT recipients. Patients with severe immunocompromising conditions cannot receive live-attenuated vaccines, such as the measles vaccine. The lack of data on measles prevention in this vulnerable group presents significant clinical challenges. In response, Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC) Infectious Diseases Working Committee has developed a set of frequently asked questions to provide expert guidance to HCT and CT recipients, acknowledging the limited evidence base.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)
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Open AccessArticle
Unmet Supportive Care Needs in Cancer Survivors in Spain: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Sociodemographic and Disease-Related Risk Factors
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Yolanda Andreu, Beatriz Gil-Juliá, Carmen Picazo, Ana García-Conde and Ana Soto-Rubio
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090524 - 19 Sep 2025
Abstract
Objective: This multicentre study investigates unmet supportive care needs (SCNs) among cancer survivors in Spain and analyses sociodemographic and cancer-related risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with 1862 cancer survivors aged 18–92 years who had completed primary treatment with curative intent
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Objective: This multicentre study investigates unmet supportive care needs (SCNs) among cancer survivors in Spain and analyses sociodemographic and cancer-related risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with 1862 cancer survivors aged 18–92 years who had completed primary treatment with curative intent and were disease-free. Participants responded to the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analyses explored SCNs in the total sample and subgroups, as well as differences according to sociodemographic and cancer-related variables. Results: At least 20% of participants reported 18 needs out of a total of 35 identified by the CaSUN questionnaire. One-third to half reported needs in the comprehensive care and information domain. Risk factors for reporting more needs included younger age; female sex; not having a partner; being on sick leave or unemployed; having a diagnosis of haematological, breast or gynaecological cancer; receiving systemic treatment (chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy); and being at an earlier stage of survival. Conclusions: The study highlights significant unmet care needs among cancer survivors in Spain and the urgency of improving management of the physical and psychosocial effects of cancer and its treatment. Special attention should be given to those at greatest risk through personalised and comprehensive care strategies integrated into survivorship programs.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities and Outcomes in Cancer Survivors)
Open AccessCase Report
Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Olaparib in BRCA2-Mutated Prostate Cancer: A Case Report
by
Shuhei Ishii, Shigekatsu Maekawa, Fumiko Amano, Daichi Kikuchi, Daiki Ikarashi, Renpei Kato, Mitsugu Kanehira, Ryo Takata, Jun Sugimura and Wataru Obara
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090523 - 19 Sep 2025
Abstract
Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with BRCA mutations, has significant clinical benefits. However, evidence suggests an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly in patients with PC. However, no case
[...] Read more.
Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with BRCA mutations, has significant clinical benefits. However, evidence suggests an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly in patients with PC. However, no case reports of olaparib-associated PE in mCRPC have been published. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old man with mCRPC harboring a BRCA2 mutation, who developed PE during olaparib therapy. Diagnostic evaluations included contrast-enhanced computed tomography and serum D-dimer level measurement. Clinical decision tools, such as the Wells score and the Khorana score, were used to support the diagnosis and risk assessment. The patient developed acute dyspnea and chest pain 7 months after olaparib initiation. Imaging confirmed multiple pulmonary emboli; laboratory testing revealed markedly elevated D-dimer levels. Anticoagulation therapy with apixaban led to rapid clinical and radiological improvement. However, mCRPC eventually progressed after olaparib discontinuation, and the patient died 15 months after olaparib initiation. This is the first reported case of olaparib-associated PE in mCRPC. It underscores the importance of vigilance for thromboembolic complications during PARP inhibitor therapy. The integration of clinical scoring systems and biomarkers may facilitate timely PE diagnosis and management, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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Open AccessReview
Melanoma in Primary Care: A Narrative Review of Training Interventions and the Role of Telemedicine in Medical Education
by
Ignazio Stanganelli, Edoardo Mora, Debora Cantagalli, Serena Magi, Laura Mazzoni, Matelda Medri, Cesare Massone, Davide Melandri, Federica Zamagni, Ines Zanna, Gianluca Pistore, Saverio Caini, Salvatore Amato, Vincenzo De Giorgi, Pietro Quaglino, Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta, Giovanni Luigi Tripepi, Giorgia Ravaglia and Sofia Spagnolini
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090522 - 18 Sep 2025
Abstract
General practitioners play a crucial role in the early detection and prevention of cutaneous melanoma. However, structured training on skin cancer diagnosis and management is often lacking. This narrative review aims to map the current educational interventions for general practitioners focused on melanoma,
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General practitioners play a crucial role in the early detection and prevention of cutaneous melanoma. However, structured training on skin cancer diagnosis and management is often lacking. This narrative review aims to map the current educational interventions for general practitioners focused on melanoma, assess their methodological approaches and outcomes, and explore the contribution of e-learning and telemedicine in medical education. A comprehensive literature search identified 54 relevant studies published between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2024. Data were extracted and categorized by topics covered, training methodology, interactivity, and clinical outcomes. Training programs varied widely in duration, delivery, and content. Interventions that integrated dermoscopy and interactive methodologies demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact. E-learning, particularly asynchronous models, emerged as a flexible and effective modality, although few studies evaluated long-term retention or clinical practice changes. Educational programs tailored to general practitioners and enriched with dermoscopy and telemedicine tools show promise in improving melanoma detection and care. Structured, interactive, and blended/hybrid learning models should be prioritized to support effective primary and secondary prevention.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Melanoma: From Pathogenesis to Personalized Therapy)
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Open AccessArticle
Predicting Tumor Recurrence with Early 18F-FDG PET-CT After Thermal and Non-Thermal Ablation
by
Govindarajan Narayanan, Nicole T. Gentile, Brian J. Schiro, Ripal T. Gandhi, Constantino S. Peña, Susan van der Lei and Madelon Dijkstra
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090521 - 18 Sep 2025
Abstract
The purpose was to determine the ability of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scans performed within 24 h of percutaneous image-guided ablation of primary and metastatic malignancies to predict ablation effectiveness and local tumor progression (LTP). This single-center retrospective review included
[...] Read more.
The purpose was to determine the ability of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scans performed within 24 h of percutaneous image-guided ablation of primary and metastatic malignancies to predict ablation effectiveness and local tumor progression (LTP). This single-center retrospective review included patients who underwent image guided ablation (microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation, or irreversible electroporation (IRE)) between August 2018 and February 2024 for primary and metastatic malignancies. The primary outcome measure encompassed correlating post-ablation 18F-FDG PET-CT findings with LTP development per tumor, assessed using the chi-square test. The secondary outcome measure was local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS) per tumor, evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and potential confounders were identified in multivariable analysis utilizing Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 132 patients, who underwent 159 procedures for 224 tumors, were included. During follow-up, LTP developed in 120 out of 224 tumors (53.6%). The presence of residual nodular 18F-FDG avidity on PET-CT within 24 h after the ablation significantly correlated with the development of LTP at follow-up imaging (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value of nodular 18F-FDG avidity was 86.7%. In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for 18F-FDG avidity was 2.355 (95% CI 1.614–2.647; p < 0.001). The presence of 18F-FDG avidity on PET-CT within 24 h after the ablation was highly correlated with development of LTP and decreased LTPFS. The detection of residual tumor tissue may allow early re-treatments, especially in tumors with nodular uptake, contributing to increased LTPFS.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in PET/CT for Predicting Cancer Outcomes)
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Open AccessArticle
Expression of Keratin-1 Predicts Recurrence and Treatment Response in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target
by
Eun Kyung Jung, S M Abdus Salam, Hye-Bin Jang, Joo Yeon Koo, Eshrat Jahan, Sun-Ae Kim, Ji Young Lee, Kyung-Hwa Lee and Tae Mi Yoon
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090520 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
The survival rate of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has not substantially improved over time. RNA sequencing analysis identified Keratin-1 (KRT1) as a gene potentially associated with cancer recurrence. This study investigated the association between KRT1 expression and recurrence in advanced laryngeal cancer.
[...] Read more.
The survival rate of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has not substantially improved over time. RNA sequencing analysis identified Keratin-1 (KRT1) as a gene potentially associated with cancer recurrence. This study investigated the association between KRT1 expression and recurrence in advanced laryngeal cancer. RNA sequencing was performed to identify candidate genes associated with recurrence. The effects of KRT1 expression on clinical outcomes were evaluated in patients with laryngeal cancer. Multiple experimental techniques were utilized. RNA sequencing of patient samples demonstrated higher KRT1 gene expression in the recurrence group than in non-recurrent cases. Patients with KRT1-positive immunostaining exhibited trends of worse overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). In vitro studies showed that KRT1 knockdown suppressed tumor cell invasion, cell migration, and expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. KRT1 knockdown enhanced tumor cell apoptosis and exhibited synergistic effects with conventional radiation and chemotherapy treatments. KRT1 may serve as a biomarker for predicting advanced laryngeal cancer recurrence and assist with selecting patients to receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Further molecular investigations are warranted to determine its effects, but KRT1 has potential as a therapeutic target.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)
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Open AccessReview
Nutritional Status and Chemotherapy Completion in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Narrative Review
by
Naotake Funamizu, Mio Uraoka, Chihiro Ito, Miku Iwata, Akimasa Sakamoto, Yoshiaki Kamei and Yuzo Umeda
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090519 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
In this review, we define “malnutrition” according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria (phenotypic and etiologic components) and “cachexia” as a multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle loss—unresponsive to conventional nutrition—and systemic inflammation (e [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
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