Exercise Preferences in Young Adults with Cancer—The YOUEX Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants and Recruitment
2.3. YOUEX Exercise Intervention Modules
- Module 1 (M1): supervised, group-based, online exercise program once a week
- Module 2 (M2): unsupervised, individual home-based training with an online-training app at least once per week
- Module 3 (M3): participation in a supervised, in-person exercise program close to place of residence at least once per week
2.4. Outcomes and Study Instruments
2.4.1. Physical Activity
2.4.2. Module Selection and Exercise Preferences
2.4.3. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Qualitative Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Physical Activity
3.3. Module Selection and Exercise Preferences
3.3.1. Initial Module Selection at T0
3.3.2. Module Change at T1
3.3.3. Subgroup Analysis of Patient Characteristics According to Module Selection at T0
3.4. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
4. Discussion
4.1. Physical Activity
4.2. Module Selection and Exercise Preferences
4.3. Implementation of the YOUEX Exercise Programs and the Impact of COVID-19
4.4. Limitations
4.5. Further Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | n (%) | Mean ± SD | Median | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 92 | 31.9 ± 4.9 | 32.5 | 19–39 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 86 (93.5) | |||
Male | 6 (6.5) | |||
Body composition | ||||
Height (cm) | 92 | 169.9 ± 7.1 | 170.0 | 146–190 |
Weight (kg) | 92 | 68.2 ± 11.5 | 66.5 | 48–102 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 92 | 23.6 ± 3.8 | 23.3 | 17.5–35.7 |
Disease | ||||
Breast cancer | 51 (55.4) | |||
(Non-)Hodgkin lymphoma | 17 (18.5) | |||
Sarcoma | 4 (4.3) | |||
Leukemia | 3 (3.3) | |||
Brain tumor | 3 (3.3) | |||
Other | 14 (15.2) | |||
Disease progression | ||||
Metastasis | 17 (18.5) | |||
Relapse | 13 (14.1) | |||
Treatment | ||||
Surgery | 68 (73.9) | |||
Chemotherapy | ||||
Total | 84 (91.3) | |||
Ongoing | 18 (19.6) | |||
Radiotherapy | ||||
Total | 49 (53.3) | |||
Ongoing | 1 (1.1) | |||
Immunotherapy | ||||
Total | 10 (10.9) | |||
Ongoing | 5 (5.4) | |||
Hormone therapy | ||||
Total | 35 (38.0) | |||
Ongoing | 26 (28.3) | |||
Other therapy | ||||
Total | 22 (23.9) | |||
Antibody | 15 (16.3) | |||
Stem cell transplantation | 5 (5.4) | |||
Other | 2 (2.2) | |||
Education | ||||
Middle school | 2 (2.2) | |||
Vocational training | 9 (9.8) | |||
University entrance qualification | 24 (26.1) | |||
University degree | 54 (58.7) | |||
Other degree | 3 (3.3) | |||
Employment | ||||
Employed, currently working | 36 (39.1) | |||
Employed but on medical leave | 35 (38.0) | |||
Still in education | 17 (18.5) | |||
Housewife/houseman | 1 (1.1) | |||
Retired | 2 (2.2) | |||
Unemployed | 1 (1.1) | |||
Family situation | ||||
Married/permanent relationship | 57 (62.0) | |||
Single | 32 (34.8) | |||
Divorced | 2 (2.2) | |||
Smoking behavior | ||||
Smoker | 0 (0) | |||
Non-smoker | 92 (100) | |||
Social media usage behavior | ||||
Smartphone/tablet (h/week) | 90 | 12.5 ± 8.5 | 10.7 | 1–42 |
PC (h/week) | 91 | 11.8 ± 15.1 | 4 | 0–60 |
Frequency of social media use (h/week) | ||||
91 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 4 | 1–4 | |
91 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 3 | 1–4 | |
YouTube | 91 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2 | 1–4 |
91 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1 | 1–4 | |
Tik Tok | 91 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1 | 1–4 |
Twitch | 91 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1 | 1–4 |
NCCN Distress 1 | 91 | 6.18 ± 2.1 | 6 | 1–10 |
Pre-Diagnosis | Post-Diagnosis | T1 | T2 | p Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | M ± SD | n | M ± SD | n | M ± SD | n | M ± SD | ||
Light PA (min/week) | 69 | 154.8 ± 142.7 | 69 | 194.1 ± 176.2 | 69 | 205.9 ± 203.1 | 69 | 206.2 ± 236.4 | 0.270 |
Moderate PA (min/week) | 70 | 83.4 ± 81.4 | 70 | 76.1 ± 95.4 | 70 | 119.4 ± 116.2 *,# | 70 | 116.8 ± 94.8 * | <0.001 |
Vigorous PA (min/week) | 69 | 86.1 ± 94.5 | 69 | 46.9 ± 71.7 # | 69 | 68.3 ± 77.5 | 69 | 69.4 ± 65.6 * | <0.001 |
Total PA (min/week) | 66 | 325.8 ± 210.9 | 66 | 322.0 ± 245.7 | 66 | 397.1 ± 256.3 * | 66 | 399.9 ± 315.7 * | <0.001 |
M1 (n = 32) | M2 (n = 50) | M3 (n = 10) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Treatment status * | ||||||
During acute therapy | 7 | 21.9 | 6 | 12.0 | 5 | 50.0 |
Before or after acute therapy | 25 | 78.1 | 44 | 88.0 | 5 | 50.0 |
Employment | ||||||
Employed | 14 | 43.8 | 19 | 38.0 | 3 | 30.0 |
On medical leave | 14 | 43.8 | 17 | 34.0 | 4 | 40.0 |
Still in education | 4 | 12.5 | 12 | 24.0 | 1 | 10.0 |
Not employed | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 4.0 | 2 | 20.0 |
n (%) | Mean ± SD | Median | Range | Percentile | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 75 | |||||
M1 | 68 (73.9) | 5.1 ± 2.6 | 5.0 | 1 to 10 | 3.0 | 7.0 |
M2 | 68 (73.9) | 7.2 ± 2.8 | 7.5 | 1 to 10 | 5.0 | 9.5 |
M3 | 68 (73.9) | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 9.5 | 1 to 10 | 7.0 | 10.0 |
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Voland, A.; Krell, V.; Götte, M.; Niels, T.; Köppel, M.; Wiskemann, J. Exercise Preferences in Young Adults with Cancer—The YOUEX Study. Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30, 1473-1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30020113
Voland A, Krell V, Götte M, Niels T, Köppel M, Wiskemann J. Exercise Preferences in Young Adults with Cancer—The YOUEX Study. Current Oncology. 2023; 30(2):1473-1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30020113
Chicago/Turabian StyleVoland, Annelie, Verena Krell, Miriam Götte, Timo Niels, Maximilian Köppel, and Joachim Wiskemann. 2023. "Exercise Preferences in Young Adults with Cancer—The YOUEX Study" Current Oncology 30, no. 2: 1473-1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30020113