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Current Oncology
Volume 32
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10.3390/curroncol32020072
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Review

Evaluating Postoperative Morbidity and Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Treatment—A Comprehensive Review on Behalf of TROGSS (The Robotic Global Surgical Society) and EFISDS (European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery) Joint Working Group

by
Yogesh Vashist
1,†,
Aman Goyal
2,3,†,
Preethi Shetty
4,
Sergii Girnyi
5,
Tomasz Cwalinski
5,
Jaroslaw Skokowski
5,6,
Silvia Malerba
5,6,7,
Francesco Paolo Prete
7,
Piotr Mocarski
5,
Magdalena Kamila Kania
5,
Maciej Świerblewski
5,
Marek Strzemski
8,
Luis Osvaldo Suárez-Carreón
9,10,
Johnn Henry Herrera Kok
11,
Natale Calomino
12,
Vikas Jain
13,
Karol Polom
6,14,
Witold Kycler
14,
Valentin Calu
15,
Pasquale Talento
16,
Antonio Brillantino
17,
Francesco Antonio Ciarleglio
18,
Luigi Brusciano
19,
Nicola Cillara
20,
Ruslan Duka
21,
Beniamino Pascotto
22,
Juan Santiago Azagra
22,
Mario Testini
7,
Adel Abou-Mrad
23,
Luigi Marano
5,6,12,21,*,‡ and
Rodolfo J. Oviedo
24,25,26,*,‡add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Surgery, Organ Transplant Center for Excellence, Center for Liver Diseases and Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of General Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, Cuddalore Rd, ECR, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry 607402, India
3
Department of Surgery, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151001, India
4
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
5
Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, “Saint Wojciech” Hospital, “Nicolaus Copernicus” Health Center, 80-000 Gdańsk, Poland
6
Department of Medicine, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences-AMiSNS: Akademia Medycznych I Spolecznych Nauk Stosowanych, 52-300 Elbląg, Poland
7
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70110 Bari, Italy
8
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, “Saint Wojciech” Hospital, “Nicolaus Copernicus” Health Center, 80-000 Gdańsk, Poland
9
Department of Bariatric Surgery, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
10
Department of Surgery, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
11
Department of Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, 34401 Palencia, Spain
12
Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
13
Department of Surgical Oncology & Robotic services, HCG Manavata Cancer Center, Nashik 422002, India
14
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
15
Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 010001 Bucharest, Romania
16
Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
17
Department of Surgery, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
18
Department of General Surgery and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit-APSS, 38121 Trento, Italy
19
Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
20
Department of Surgery, “SS. Trinità” Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
21
Department of Surgery, Dnipro State Medical University, 49044 Dnipro, Ukraine
22
Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery (Laparoscopy & Robotic), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
23
Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France
24
Department of Surgery, Nacogdoches Medical Center, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
25
Department of Surgery, University of Houston Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77001, USA
26
Department of Surgery, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77301, USA
 
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remove Hide full affiliation list
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors share the first co-authorship.
‡
These authors share the last co-authorship.
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020072
Submission received: 2 January 2025 / Revised: 24 January 2025 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 28 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 30th Anniversary of Current Oncology: Perspectives in Clinical Oncology Practice)
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Abstract

Background: Esophageal cancer, the seventh most common malignancy globally, requires esophagectomy for curative treatment. However, esophagectomy is associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for minimally invasive approaches. Robotic-assisted surgery has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional open and minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), offering potential benefits in improving clinical and oncological outcomes. This review aims to assess the postoperative morbidity and outcomes of robotic surgery. Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted, focusing on studies evaluating the role of robotic-assisted surgery in esophagectomy. Data were synthesized on the clinical outcomes, including postoperative complications, survival rates, and recovery time, as well as technological advancements in robotic surgery platforms. Studies comparing robotic-assisted esophagectomy with traditional approaches were analyzed to determine the potential advantages of robotic systems in improving surgical precision and patient outcomes. Results: Robotic-assisted esophagectomy (RAMIE) has shown significant improvements in clinical outcomes compared to open surgery and MIE, including reduced postoperative pain, less blood loss, and faster recovery. RAMIE offers enhanced thoracic access, with fewer complications than thoracotomy. The RACE technique has improved patient recovery and reduced morbidity. Fluorescence-guided technologies, including near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), have proven valuable for sentinel node biopsy, lymphatic mapping, and angiography, helping identify critical structures and minimizing complications like anastomotic leakage and chylothorax. Despite these benefits, challenges such as the high cost of robotic systems and limited long-term data hinder broader adoption. Hybrid approaches, combining robotic and open techniques, remain common in clinical practice. Conclusions: Robotic-assisted esophagectomy offers promising advantages, including enhanced precision, reduced complications, and faster recovery, but challenges related to cost, accessibility, and evidence gaps must be addressed. The hybrid approach remains a valuable option in select clinical scenarios. Continued research, including large-scale randomized controlled trials, is necessary to further establish the role of robotic surgery as the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer.
Keywords: robotic-assisted esophagectomy; esophageal cancer; minimally invasive surgery; fluorescence-guided technologies; postoperative outcomes robotic-assisted esophagectomy; esophageal cancer; minimally invasive surgery; fluorescence-guided technologies; postoperative outcomes

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Vashist, Y.; Goyal, A.; Shetty, P.; Girnyi, S.; Cwalinski, T.; Skokowski, J.; Malerba, S.; Prete, F.P.; Mocarski, P.; Kania, M.K.; et al. Evaluating Postoperative Morbidity and Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Treatment—A Comprehensive Review on Behalf of TROGSS (The Robotic Global Surgical Society) and EFISDS (European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery) Joint Working Group. Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020072

AMA Style

Vashist Y, Goyal A, Shetty P, Girnyi S, Cwalinski T, Skokowski J, Malerba S, Prete FP, Mocarski P, Kania MK, et al. Evaluating Postoperative Morbidity and Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Treatment—A Comprehensive Review on Behalf of TROGSS (The Robotic Global Surgical Society) and EFISDS (European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery) Joint Working Group. Current Oncology. 2025; 32(2):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020072

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vashist, Yogesh, Aman Goyal, Preethi Shetty, Sergii Girnyi, Tomasz Cwalinski, Jaroslaw Skokowski, Silvia Malerba, Francesco Paolo Prete, Piotr Mocarski, Magdalena Kamila Kania, and et al. 2025. "Evaluating Postoperative Morbidity and Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Treatment—A Comprehensive Review on Behalf of TROGSS (The Robotic Global Surgical Society) and EFISDS (European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery) Joint Working Group" Current Oncology 32, no. 2: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020072

APA Style

Vashist, Y., Goyal, A., Shetty, P., Girnyi, S., Cwalinski, T., Skokowski, J., Malerba, S., Prete, F. P., Mocarski, P., Kania, M. K., Świerblewski, M., Strzemski, M., Suárez-Carreón, L. O., Kok, J. H. H., Calomino, N., Jain, V., Polom, K., Kycler, W., Calu, V., ... Oviedo, R. J. (2025). Evaluating Postoperative Morbidity and Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Treatment—A Comprehensive Review on Behalf of TROGSS (The Robotic Global Surgical Society) and EFISDS (European Federation International Society for Digestive Surgery) Joint Working Group. Current Oncology, 32(2), 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020072

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