Natural Compounds Such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipoxin A4 Expression in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Hericium Erinaceus and Coriolus Versicolor Biomass Preparation
2.3. Rotenone-Induced PD and Treatment
Experimental Group
- Group 1: Sham = vehicle solution (saline) was administrated quotidianly by oral gavage, as per Rot protocol.
- Group 2: Sham+H = H (200 mg/kg) solution was administrated by oral gavage for 28 days (data not shown).
- Group 3: Sham+C = C (200 mg/kg) solution was administrated by oral gavage for 28 days (data not shown).
- Group 4: Sham+(H+C) = H+C (200 mg/kg) solution was administrated by oral gavage for 28 days (data not shown).
- Group 5: Rot+vehicle = Rot solution was administrated quotidianly by oral gavage and vehicle solution (saline) was administrated orally for 28 days.
- Group 6: Rot+H = Rot solution was given orally every day by gavage, whereas H solution was given orally for 28 days and 1 h after Rot administration.
- Group 7: Rot+C = Rot solution was given orally every day by gavage, whereas C solution was given orally for 28 days and 1 h after Rot administration.
- Group 8: Rot+(H+C) = Rot solution was administrated daily by oral gavage and H+C solution was administrated orally for 28 days and 1 h after Rot administration.
2.4. Behavioral Testing
2.4.1. Open Field (OF)
2.4.2. Rotarod Test (RT)
2.4.3. Catalepsy Test (CT)
2.4.4. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM)
2.4.5. Tail Suspension Test (TST)
2.4.6. Sucrose Preference Test (SPT)
2.5. Histology
2.6. Stereology
2.7. Quantification of LXA4, IL-1β and TNF-α
2.8. Immunohistochemical Investigation for TH
2.9. Western Blot Analysis
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of H+C on Oxidative Stress
3.2. Effects of H+C on LXA4 Levels and Glial Cell Activation
3.3. Effects of H+C on NF-kB Pathway and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
3.4. Effect of H+C Treatment on Apoptosis
3.5. Effects of H+C Treatment on Specific Markers of PD
3.6. Effects of H or C or H+C on Histological and Behavioral Rot-Induced Alteration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Cordaro, M.; Modafferi, S.; D’Amico, R.; Fusco, R.; Genovese, T.; Peritore, A.F.; Gugliandolo, E.; Crupi, R.; Interdonato, L.; Di Paola, D.; et al. Natural Compounds Such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipoxin A4 Expression in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102505
Cordaro M, Modafferi S, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Genovese T, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Di Paola D, et al. Natural Compounds Such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipoxin A4 Expression in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(10):2505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102505
Chicago/Turabian StyleCordaro, Marika, Sergio Modafferi, Ramona D’Amico, Roberta Fusco, Tiziana Genovese, Alessio Filippo Peritore, Enrico Gugliandolo, Rosalia Crupi, Livia Interdonato, Davide Di Paola, and et al. 2022. "Natural Compounds Such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipoxin A4 Expression in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice" Biomedicines 10, no. 10: 2505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102505