A Regional Protection Partition Strategy Considering Communication Constraints and Its Implementation Techniques
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Basic Structure and Basic Requirements of Regional Protection
3. Protection Partition Strategy
3.1. Primary Substation Selection Model
3.2. Secondary Substation Partition Model
- is the set of all possible paths between two substations;
- is any path in the set;
- is any channel of path ’s channels;
- ω3, ω4, and ω5 are the weights of the channel bandwidth, channel length, and the number of hops after normalization. The weight can be determined using the method in reference [23];
- is the ith channel’s bandwidth reciprocal;
- (1/bi)1 is the normalized value of the ith channel’s bandwidth reciprocal;
- (1/b)max and (1/b)min are the maximum and minimum values, respectively, of the channel bandwidth reciprocal for the entire communication network;
- di is the length of the ith channel;
- is the normalized value of the ith channel’s length;
- dmax and dmin are the maximum and minimum channel lengths, respectively, for the entire communication network.
3.3. Partition Correction
3.3.1. Partition Correction under an N-1 Channel Fault
3.3.2. Primary Substation Correction for Single-Point Failure
4. Partition Process
- (1)
- The number of primary substation combinations can be determined according to Equation (1). It is 3 in this example. There are kinds of primary substation combinations, , , …, , according to Equation (2). The collection of them is shown below.
- (2)
- The connection matrix can be obtained by using Equation (3) considering the topology of communication system.
- (3)
- The optimal primary substation combination corresponding to the minimum can be found from according to Equations (3)–(8). It is in this example. The primary substations chosen are , , and .
- (4)
- The bandwidth matrix , length matrix , and connection matrix can be determined according to Equations (16)–(18). They are shown below.
- (5)
- In this system, , , and can be determined as 0.35, 0.15, and 0.5 by the method in reference [15]. The weight matrix can be calculated using Equation (15) based on matrices , and .
- (6)
- The optimal path weight between any two substations is found. The matrix including them all can be obtained by the Floyd–Warshall algorithm on the basis of Equations (10)–(18).
- (7)
- The secondary substations can be divided into the suitable regions according to the primary substations chosen in Step (3), the calculated in Step (6), and the planned number of secondary substations. The preliminary partition results are shown in Table 1.
- (8)
- Whether there are unallocated secondary substations should be judged. If so, jump to Step (9); if not, jump to Step (10). In this example, the secondary substations and are not partitioned. So, we should jump to Step (9).
- (9)
- For each secondary substation not assigned to a partition, the weight set between the remaining secondary substations and the primary substations can be obtained according to the in Step (5). The primary substation corresponding to the minimum weight is the optimal primary substation of the secondary substation. Then, all unassigned substations to the optimal primary substations can be assigned similarly. In this example, the weights of the remaining secondary substations between the primary substations are obtained as follows.
- (10)
- The repeated secondary substations of different regions are configured as boundary secondary substations. Then, the partition results are corrected according to the principle of partition correction under N-1 channel fault. The partition results can then be output using the MATLAB program written in accordance with the theory presented in this paper. The partition results of this example are as Table 2.
5. Example Analysis
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Channel | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
Length (km) | 64.6 | 125 | 94.8 | 30.2 | 127.4 | 30.2 | 43 | 34.6 | 42.6 | 17.8 | 27 | 25.6 |
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Channel | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | |
Length (km) | 69.2 | 18.8 | 11.8 | 28 | 22.4 | 25.8 | 43.4 | 70 | 27.6 | 20.2 | 19.2 | |
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Channel | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | L7 | L8 | L9 | L10 | L11 | L12 | L13 |
Length (km) | 14 | 20 | 8 | 34.6 | 63.4 | 31 | 22 | 31 | 25 | 50 | 18 | 83 | 87 |
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 622 |
Channel | L14 | L15 | L16 | L17 | L18 | L19 | L20 | L21 | L22 | L23 | L24 | L25 | L26 |
Length (km) | 116 | 104 | 79 | 52 | 17 | 18 | 25 | 43 | 40 | 34 | 23 | 8 | 43 |
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 155 | 622 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 |
Channel | L27 | L28 | L29 | L30 | L31 | L32 | L33 | L34 | L35 | L36 | L37 | L38 | L39 |
Length (km) | 40.5 | 34 | 23 | 23 | 30 | 17.4 | 14 | 39 | 55 | 32 | 21 | 8.4 | 9 |
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 |
Channel | L40 | L41 | L42 | L43 | L44 | L45 | L46 | L47 | L48 | L49 | L50 | L51 | L52 |
Length (km) | 11 | 25 | 29 | 27 | 34 | 9 | 14 | 41 | 9 | 42 | 8 | 62 | 80 |
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 |
Channel | L53 | L54 | L55 | L56 | L57 | L58 | L59 | L60 | L61 | L62 | |||
Length (km) | 75 | 44 | 36 | 16.5 | 9 | 25 | 18 | 21 | 10.5 | 62 | |||
Bandwidth (Mbit) | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 155 |
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Primary Substation | Secondary Substation |
---|---|
B2 | B1 B3 B4 B6 B15 |
B8 | B5 B6 B9 B12 B17 |
B10 | B1 B7 B11 B13 B15 |
Primary Substation | Secondary Substation |
---|---|
B2 | B1 B3 B4 B6 B15 |
B8 | B5 B6 B9 B12 B14 B17 |
B10 | B1 B7 B11 B13 B15 B16 |
Region | Primary Substation | Secondary Substation |
---|---|---|
1 | Fenghuang | Guanshan, Yuefu, Luojia, Ye, Xunsi, Dian, Miaoshan, Shatang |
2 | Wangzhuang | Chaan, Lumen, Puqi, Xianning, Tangjiao, Wutian |
3 | Qiru | Cihu, Xialu, Sike, Jiangjia, Tieshan, Xiangjia |
4 | He | Shahu, Beiyang, Qingshan, Ya, Wudong, Gang, Huashan |
5 | Langjia | Lian, Tieshan, Xialu, Ezhou, Huarong, Zuoling |
6 | Qichun | Caicheng, Cuijia, Zhangjia, Xisai |
7 | Shiban | Hangshi, Xisai, Sike, Weiyuan, Cihu, Daji |
Region | Primary Substation | Secondary Substation |
---|---|---|
1 | Fenghuang | Guanshan, Yuefu, Luojia, Ye, Xunsi, Dian, Miaoshan, Shatang |
2 | Wangzhuang | Chaan, Lumen, Puqi, Xianning, Tangjiao, Wutian |
3 | Qiru | Cihu, Xialu, Sike, Jiangjia, Tieshan, Xiangjia |
4 | He | Shahu, Beiyang, Qingshan, Ya, Wudong |
5 | Langjia | Lian, Tieshan, Xialu, Ezhou, Huarong |
6 | Qichun | Caicheng, Cuijia, Zhangjia, Xisai |
7 | Shiban | Huangshi, Xisai, Sike, Weiyuan, Daji |
8 | Huashan | Wudong, Gang, Ya, Ezhou, Beiyang, Zuoling |
Region | Primary Substation | Secondary Substation |
---|---|---|
1 | Fenghuang | Yuefu, Luojia, Ye, Dian, Miaoshan, Shatang |
2 | Wangzhuang | Chaan, Lumen, Puqi, Xianning, Tangjiao, Wutian |
3 | Qiru | Cihu, Xialu, Sike, Jiangjia, Xiangjia |
4 | He | Shahu, Beiyang, Qingshan, Ya |
5 | Langjia | Lian, Tieshan, Xialu, Ezhou, Huarong |
6 | Qichun | Caicheng, Cuijia, Zhangjia |
7 | Shiban | Huangshi, Xisai, Sike, Weiyuan, Daji |
8 | Huashan | Wudong, Gang, Ya, Ezhou, Zuoling |
9 | Guanshan | Xunsi, Ya, Qingshan, Gang |
Region | Longest Delay Time with Different Numbers of Partitions (ms) | Biggest Channel Utilization with Different Numbers of Partitions | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 Regions | 8 Regions | 9 Regions | 7 Regions | 8 Regions | 9 Regions | |
1 | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.43 | 28% | 28% | 28% |
2 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 28% | 28% | 28% |
3 | 3.37 | 3.37 | 3.37 | 42% | 42% | 28% |
4 | 3.79 | 2.65 | 2.63 | 70% | 42% | 28% |
5 | 3.73 | 2.52 | 2.52 | 42% | 28% | 28% |
6 | 3.06 | 3.06 | 1.90 | 28% | 28% | 14% |
7 | 2.60 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 28% | 28% | 28% |
8 | - | 2.53 | 2.53 | - | 42% | 28% |
9 | - | - | 2.40 | - | - | 28% |
Strategy | Longest Delay Time (ms) | Biggest Channel Utilization | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strategy from this article | 3.79 (7 regions) | 3.37 (8 regions) | 3.37 (9 regions) | 70% (7 regions) | 42% (8 regions) | 28% (9 regions) |
Traditional strategy from reference [28] | 28.3 | 81.7% |
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Li, Z.; Gong, Y.; Wang, L.; Tan, H.; Kativu, P.L.; Wang, P. A Regional Protection Partition Strategy Considering Communication Constraints and Its Implementation Techniques. Energies 2018, 11, 2502. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102502
Li Z, Gong Y, Wang L, Tan H, Kativu PL, Wang P. A Regional Protection Partition Strategy Considering Communication Constraints and Its Implementation Techniques. Energies. 2018; 11(10):2502. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102502
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhenxing, Yang Gong, Lu Wang, Hong Tan, Prominent Lovet Kativu, and Pengfei Wang. 2018. "A Regional Protection Partition Strategy Considering Communication Constraints and Its Implementation Techniques" Energies 11, no. 10: 2502. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102502