Battery Storage-Based Frequency Containment Reserves in Large Wind Penetrated Scenarios: A Practical Approach to Sizing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sizing Methodology
3. System Modelling
3.1. Battery Energy Storage System
3.1.1. Performance Model
- half of the reserves need to be provided in the first 15 s after the disturbance and full activation is expected within 30 s
- participating units need to have the ability to provide the reserves for 15 min at nominal power
- participating units are entitled to 15 min re-establishing period after 15 min of reserve provision
3.1.2. Lifetime Model
3.1.3. Economic Model
3.2. Benchmark Power System Model
4. Assessment Study
4.1. Stage I—Time-Domain Assesment
4.1.1. Initialization
4.1.2. Results
4.2. Stage II—Lifetime Performance Assessment
4.2.1. Initialization
4.2.2. Results
4.3. Stage III—Economic Assessment
4.3.1. Initialization
4.3.2. Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Component | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|
Gen 01: generator—steam turbine set | Nominal active power output | 200.8 MW |
Droop value | 4% | |
Gen 02: generator—gas turbine set | Nominal active power output | 40 MW |
Droop value | 4% | |
WT | Installed capacity | 96 MW |
Load | Overall active power demand | 320 MW |
Load damping constant of each load | 1% |
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Scenario | Wind Power Generation as Percentage of 96 MW Installed Capacity | Active Power Required by the Load | |
---|---|---|---|
First | Case I | Fluctuating Maximum: 95% Minimum: 25% | Low 160 MW or 50% of daily peak |
Case II | High 320 MW daily peak | ||
Second | High Maximum: 100% Minimum: 95% | Low 160 MW or 50% of daily peak | |
Third | Low Maximum: 10% Minimum: 0% | High 320 MW daily peak |
BESS Name for Given Size | Power/Energy Rating |
---|---|
BESS_100 | 0.1 MW/0.025 MWh |
BESS_1000 | 1 MW/0.25 MWh |
BESS_10000 | 10 MW/2.5 MWh |
BESS_20000 | 20 MW/5 MWh |
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Sandelic, M.; Stroe, D.-I.; Iov, F. Battery Storage-Based Frequency Containment Reserves in Large Wind Penetrated Scenarios: A Practical Approach to Sizing. Energies 2018, 11, 3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113065
Sandelic M, Stroe D-I, Iov F. Battery Storage-Based Frequency Containment Reserves in Large Wind Penetrated Scenarios: A Practical Approach to Sizing. Energies. 2018; 11(11):3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113065
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandelic, Monika, Daniel-Ioan Stroe, and Florin Iov. 2018. "Battery Storage-Based Frequency Containment Reserves in Large Wind Penetrated Scenarios: A Practical Approach to Sizing" Energies 11, no. 11: 3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113065