Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Arrangement
2.1. Soil Resistivity at Site
2.2. Ground Electrodes under Test
2.3. Remote Ground Electrodes
2.4. DC Resistances of Grounding Systems
2.5. Test Set Up
3. Test Results
3.1. Effect of Soil Resistivity
3.2. Effect of Impulse Polarity
3.3. Effect of Electrode’s Configurations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | ρ1 (Ω·m−1) | h1 (m) | ρ2 (Ω·m−1) | h2 (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | 119.5 | 7.18 | 391.05 | ∞ |
Site 2 | 53.89 | 5.19 | 426.89 | ∞ |
Site 3 | 210.96 | 1.73 | 507.62 | ∞ |
Site 4 | 52.74 | 1.02 | 0.65 | ∞ |
Electrode under Tests | Remote Earth | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earth Electrode | Measured (Ω) | CDEGS (Ω) | Earth Electrode | Measured (Ω) | CDEGS (Ω) |
Sample A | 61.5 | 38.386 | REA | 38.2 | 23.237 |
Sample B | 12.86 | 14.463 | REB | 13.67 | 9.8906 |
Sample C | 62.6 | 56.708 | REC | 51.8 | 38.154 |
Sample D | 4.66 | 6.1194 | RED | 4.13 | 3.1764 |
1-rod | 466 | 132.18 | 20 m × 20 m | 8.45 | 3.5 |
2-rod | 185 | 70.507 | 20 m × 20 m | 8.45 | 3.5 |
3-rod | 118 | 49.119 | 20 m × 20 m | 8.45 | 3.5 |
Sample | Positive | Negative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vch (kV) | Vapp (kV) | Ip (A) | Vch (kV) | Vapp (kV) | Ip (A) | |
A | 150 | 16 | 2934 | 100 | 12 | 2800 |
B | 50 | 12 | 3200 | 50 | 17 | 3200 |
C | No Oscillations | No Oscillations | ||||
D | 40 | 12.5 | 6000 | 37 | 11 | 5852 |
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Reffin, M.S.; Nor, N.M.; Ahmad, N.N.; Abdullah, S. Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions. Energies 2018, 11, 3187. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113187
Reffin MS, Nor NM, Ahmad NN, Abdullah S. Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions. Energies. 2018; 11(11):3187. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113187
Chicago/Turabian StyleReffin, Muhd Shahirad, Normiza Mohamad Nor, Nurul Nadia Ahmad, and Syarifah Abdullah. 2018. "Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions" Energies 11, no. 11: 3187. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113187