Power-Split Hydrostatic Transmissions for Wind Energy Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Wind Turbine and Power Split Hydraulic Transmission
2.1. Wind Turbine System
2.2. Hydraulic Transmission Systems (HTS)
2.2.1. In-Line HTS Configuration
2.2.2. PS-HTS Configuration
3. Numerical Application
3.1. Characteristics of the Wind Turbine and the Powertrains
3.1.1. Wind Turbine Data
3.1.2. HTS and Powertrain Data
3.2. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- By means of the power split architecture, it is possible to downsize the hydrostatic transmission. For instance, if a wind turbine with the characteristics summarized in Table 1 is considered, the needed pump and motor displacements are reduced from to ; thus, the hydrostatic transmission is much smaller and cheaper (even though an additional planetary gear box must be considered).
- In the power split architecture, only a small fraction of the power (max 10–11%) goes across the hydrostatic transmission; thus, the overall power loss is smaller, in particular, at the rated power (the power loss is about one-fourth). In principle, a 100 kW HTS can be used in a 1 MW wind turbine thanks to the power split mechanism.
- The estimated increase of the annual energy production is about 10% with almost no additional costs (as determined by calculations performed on a typical site). This encourages us to continue with the development of prototypical wind turbine systems equipped with power split HTS.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HTS | hydrostatic transmissions |
PS | power-split |
CVT | continuously variable transmission |
IVT | infinitely variable transmission |
PG | planetary gear train |
OG | over-gear drive |
GEN | electric generator |
AEG | annual energy production |
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System | Parameter | Symbol | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Turbine | rotor diameter | D | 25 |
optimal tip speed ratio | 8.5 | ||
maximum value of power coefficient | 0.5 | ||
electric generator speed | 1000 RPM | ||
low threshold value of wind speed | 4.5 | ||
rated wind speed | 12 | ||
In-Line HTS | over-gear speed ratio | 10 | |
over-gear efficiency | 0.94 | ||
pump displacement | |||
motor displacement | |||
PS-HTS | over-gear speed ratio | 10 | |
over-gear efficiency | 0.94 | ||
hydraulic CVT ratio spread | ∞ | ||
pump displacement | |||
motor displacement | |||
planetary gear speed ratio | |||
planetary gear efficiency with stationary carrier |
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Bottiglione, F.; Mantriota, G.; Valle, M. Power-Split Hydrostatic Transmissions for Wind Energy Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 3369. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123369
Bottiglione F, Mantriota G, Valle M. Power-Split Hydrostatic Transmissions for Wind Energy Systems. Energies. 2018; 11(12):3369. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123369
Chicago/Turabian StyleBottiglione, Francesco, Giacomo Mantriota, and Marco Valle. 2018. "Power-Split Hydrostatic Transmissions for Wind Energy Systems" Energies 11, no. 12: 3369. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123369