Characterization of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Waste Heat Recovery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Design
3. Characterization of TEGs
3.1. Open Circuit Test
3.2. Determination of the Voltage-Current Curve
3.3. Internal Resistance of the TEGs Device
3.4. TEGs Power Curve
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bastos, S.A.M. Pulseira para Geração de Energia. Master’s Thesis, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Santos, L.P. Análise de Desempenho de um Gerador Termoelétrico Baseado no Efeito Seebeck. Master’s Thesis, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Min, G.; Rowe, D.M. Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Combustion Systems. IEEE Trans. Energy 2007, 22, 528–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ono, K.; Suzuki, R.O. Thermoelectric Power Generation: Converting Low-Grade Heat into Electricity. Energy Resour. 1998, 50, 49–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dalola, S.; Ferrari, V.; Guizzetti, M.; Marioli, D.; Sardini, E.; Serpelloni, M.; Taroni, A. Autonomous Sensor System with RF Link and Thermoelectric Generator for Power Harvesting. In Proceedings of the International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Victoria, BC, Canada, 12–15 May 2008; pp. 12–15. [Google Scholar]
- Ando Junior, O.H.; Ferro, J.L.; Schaeffer, L. Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para dimensionamento elétrico de microgeração de energia elétrica a partir de módulos termoelétricos. In Proceedings of the 3ª RenoMat—Conferência Internacional de Materiais e Processos para Energias Renováveis, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 9–11 October 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Ando Junior, O.H. Microgerador termoelétrico para captação de energia baseado no efeito seebeck com sistema de transferência de calor intercambiável. BR nº BR1020130279471. Revista da Propriedade Industrial 2014, 1. Available online: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174315 (accessed on 6 May 2018).
- Datasheet inbC1-127.08HTS Thermoelectric Power Generation. Available online: https://inbthermoelectric.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/inbC1-127.0HTS.pdf (accessed on 24 April 2017).
- Ando, O.H., Jr.; Izidoro, C.L.; Gomes, J.H.; Carmo, J.P.; Schaeffer, L. Acquisition and Monitoring System for TEG Characterization. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 2015, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Izidoro, C.L.; Ando, O.H., Jr.; Carmo, J.P.; Schaeffer, L. Characterization of Thermoelectric Generator for Energy Harvesting. Measurement 2017, 106, 283–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carmo, J.P.; Ando, O.H., Jr.; Carmo, J.P.; Schaeffer, L. Characterization of thermoelectric generators by measuring the load-dependence behavior. Measurement 2011, 44, 2194–2199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ando, O.H., Jr.; Ferro, J.L.; Izidoro, C.L.; Maestrelli, E.; Spacek, A.D.; Mota, J.M.; Malfatti, C.F.; Schaeffer, L. Proposal of a Thermoelectric Microgenerator based on Seebeck Effect to Energy Harvesting in Industrial Processes. Renew. Energy Power Qual. J. 2014, 1, 227–333. [Google Scholar]
- Böttner, H.; Nurnus, J.; Gavrikov, A.; Kuhner, G.; Jagle, M.; Kunzel, C.; Eberhard, D.; Plescher, G.; Schubert, A.; Schlereth, K.-H. New Thermoelectric Components Using Microsystem Technologies. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 2004, 3, 414–420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goncalves, L.M.; Rocha, J.G.; Couto, C.; Alpuim, P.; Correia, J.H. On-Chip Array of Thermoelectric Peltier Microcoolers. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 2008, 145–146, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ando, O.H., Jr.; Spacek, A.D.; Neto, J.; Oliveira, M.O. Analyze the Potential of Use Thermoelectric Materials for Power Cogeneration by Energy Harvesting—Brazil. Int. J. Autom. Power Eng. 2013, 2, 303–311. [Google Scholar]
- Uchida, K.; Takahashi, S.; Harii, K.; Ieda, J.; Koshibae, W.; Ando, K.; Maekaw, S.; Saitoh, E. Observation of the Spin Seebeck Effect. Nature 2008, 455, 778–781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Flipse, J.; Dejene, F.K.; Wagenaar, D.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Youssef, J.B.; van Wees, B.J. Observation of the Spin Peltier Effect for Magnetic Insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 113, 027601. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Flipse, J.; Bakker, F.L.; Slachter, A.; Dejene, F.K.; van Wees, B.J. Direct Observation of the Spin-Dependent Peltier Effect. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 166–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gonçalves, L.M.; Couto, C.; Alpuim, P.; Rowe, D.M.; Correia, J.H. Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 Thin Films. Mater. Sci. Forum 2005, 156–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Appel, O.; Zilber, T.; Kalabukhov, S.; Beeri, O.; Gelbstein, Y. Morphological effects on the thermoelectric properties of Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35Ni1+δSn alloys following phase separation. J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3, 11653–11659. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hazan, E.; Ben-Yehuda, O.; Madar, N.; Gelbstein, Y. Functional Graded Germanium–Lead Chalcogenide-Based Thermoelectric Module for Renewable Energy Applications. Adv. Energy Mater. 2015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ritz, F.; Peterson, C.E. Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) program overview. In Proceedings of the Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA, 6–13 March 2004; p. 2957. [Google Scholar]
- Landim, A.L.P.F.; de Azevedo, L.P. O Aproveitamento Energético do Biogás em Aterros Sanitários: Unindo o Inútil ao Sustentável. BNDES Setorial, Rio de Janeiro. 2008. Available online: https://www.bndes.gov.br/SiteBNDES/export/sites/default/bndes_pt/Galerias/Arquivos/conhecimento/bnset/set2704.pdf (accessed on 13 May 2018).
- Nascimento, A.L.E.D.S.; Lubanco, J.C.; Moreira, T.A. Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica: Potencial Brasileiro, Economia e Futuro. Revista de Divulgação do Projeto Universidade Petrobras e Instituto Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. 2012. Available online: http://essentiaeditora.iff.edu.br/index.php/BolsistaDeValor/article/viewFile/2391/1280 (accessed on 10 May 2018).
- Riffat, S.B.; Xiaoli, M. Thermoelectrics: A Review of Present and Potential Applications. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2003, 23, 913–935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alves, P.P. A Experiência de Joule Revisitada. Master’s Thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Moura, J.A.D.S. Filmes Nanométricos de Fen e Aln Crescidos Por Sputtering e Aplicações do Efeito Peltier. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Gonçalves, L.M. Microssistema Termoelétrico Baseado em Teluretos de Bismuto e Antimónio. Ph.D. Thesis, Curso de Engenharia Electrónica Industrial e Computadores, Departamento de Escola de Engenharia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Gao, M.; Rowe, D.M. Experimental evaluation of prototype thermoelectric domestic-refrigerators. Appl. Energy 2006, 83, 133–152. [Google Scholar]
- Martins, J.; Brito, F.P.; Gonçalves, L.M.; Antunes, J. Thermoelectric Exhaust Energy Recovery with Temperature Control through Heat Pipes; SAE Technical Paper; SAE: Warrendale, PA, USA, 2011; pp. 1–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rowe, D.M. CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- Song, Y. Oxide Based Thermoelectric Materials for Large Scale Power Generation. Master’s Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Hendricks, T.; Choate, W.T. Engineering Scoping Study of Thermoelectric Generator Systems for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery; U.S. Department of Energy, Industrial Technologies Program: Washington, DC, USA, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Ota, T.; Tokunaga, C.; Fujita, K. Development of thermoelectric power generation system for industrial furnaces. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Clemson, SC, USA, 19–23 June 2005; pp. 335–338. [Google Scholar]
- Ismail, B.I.; Ahmed, W.H. Thermoelectric Power Generation Using Waste-Heat Energy as an Alternative Green Technology. In Recent Patents on Electrical Engineering; Bentham Science Publishers Ltd: Potomac, MD, USA, 2009; pp. 27–39. [Google Scholar]
- Gao, M. Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting; Artech House: Norwood, MA, USA, 2010; Volume 413–414, pp. 325–336. [Google Scholar]
- Fairbanks, J. Vehicular Thermoelectric Applications. In Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Thermoelectrics, Paris, France, 2–4 July 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Romani, R. Aplicações de Efeitos Termoelétricos da Indústria Aeronáutica. In Congresso Iberoamericano De Engenharia Mecanica; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru: Cusco, Peru, 2007; Available online: http://congreso.pucp.edu.pe/cibim8/pdf/29/29-14.pdf (accessed on 6 June 2018).
- Huang, J. Aerospace and aircraft thermoelectric application. Boeing Research and Technology. Engineering, Operations, & Technology, U.S. Department Energy. Available online: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/thermoelectrics_app_2009/thursday/huang.pdf (accessed on 13 May 2018).
- Azarbayjani, M.; Anderson, J. Assessment of Solar Energy Conversion Technologies-Application of Thermoelectric Devices in Retrofitan Office Building. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Plano, TX, USA, 15–17 December 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Faria, S.R.A. Protótipo de um Microgerador Termoelétrico de Estado Sólido: Cogeração a Gás. Master’s Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Nuwayhid, R.; Shihadeh, A.; Ghaddar, N. Development and testing of a domestic woodstove thermoelectric generator with natural convection cooling. Energy Conver. Manag. 2004, 46, 1631–1643. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Snyder, G.J. Small Thermoelectric Generators. Electrochem. Soc. Interface 2008, 17, 54–56. [Google Scholar]
- Seiko Instruments Inc. (Japan). Engineers Pursuing the Ultimate in the Evolution of Wristwatch Technology. Nature Interface. 2001. Available online: http://www.natureinterface.com/e/ni03/P045-049/ (accessed on 13 May 2018).
- Dalola, S.; Ferrari, M.; Ferrari, V.; Guizzetti, M.; Marioli, D.; Taroni, A. Characterization of Thermoelectric Modules for Powering Autonomous Sensors. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 2007, 58, 99–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harb, A. Energy harvesting: State-of-the-art. Renew. Energy 2011, 36, 2641–2654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gyselinckx, B.; Van Hoof, C.; Ryckaert, J.; Yazicioglu, R.F.; Fiorini, P.; Leonov, V. Human++: Autonomous wireless sensors for body area networks. In Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, San Jose, CA, USA, 18–21 September 2005; pp. 13–19. [Google Scholar]
- Penders, J.; Gyselinckx, B.; Vullers, R.; De Nil, M.; Nimmala, V.; Van De Molengraft, J.; Yazicioglu, F.; Torfs, T.; Leonov, V.; Merken, P.; et al. Human++: From technology to emerging health monitoring concepts. In Proceedings of the 5th International Summer School and Symposium on Medical Devices and Biosensors, Hong Kong, China, 1–3 June 2008; pp. 94–98. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Z.; Leonov, V.; Fiorini, P.; van Hoof, C. Realization of a wearable miniaturized thermoelectric generator for human body applications. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 2009, 156, 95–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Omer, S.A.; Infield, D.G. Design optimization of thermoelectric devices for solar power generation. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1998, 53, 67–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jaber, H.; Ramadan, M.; Lemenand, T.; Khaled, M. Domestic thermoelectric cogeneration system optimization analysis, energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2018, 130, 279–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, L.; Akbarzadeh, A.; Tan, L. A review of power generation with thermoelectric system and its alternative with solar ponds. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018, 81, 799–812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yáñez, P.F.; Gómez, A.; Contreras, R.G.; Armas, O. Evaluating thermoelectric modules in diesel exhaust systems: Potential under urban and extra-urban driving conditions. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 182, 1070–1079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwan, T.H.; Wu, X.; Yao, Q. Multi-objective genetic optimization of the thermoelectric system for thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Appl. Energy 2018, 217, 314–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goncalves, L.M.; Alpuim, P.; Min, G.; Rowe, D.M.; Couto, C.; Correia, J.H. Optimization of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 thin films deposited by co-evaporation on polyimide for thermoelectric applications. Vacuum 2008, 82, 1499–1502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Polozine, A.; Schaeffer, L. Materiais sintetizados para geração de energia elétrica. In Proceedings of the 3° RenoMat—Conferência Internacional de Materiais e Processos para Energias Renováveis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 2013. Available online: http://www.ufrgs.br/ldtm/publicacoes/Polozine%20Artigo%20para%20o%20SENAFOR%202013.pdf (accessed on 6 May 2018).
- Goncalves, L.M.; Rocha, J.G.; Couto, C.; Alpuim, P.; Min, G.; Rowe, D.M.; Correia, J.H. Fabrication of flexible thermoelectric microcoolers using planar thin-film technologies. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2007, 17, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goncalves, L.M.; Couto, C.; Alpuim, P.; Rowe, D.M.; Correia, J.H. Thermoelectric microstructures of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 for a self-calibrated micro-pyrometer. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 2006, 130–131, 346–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ando Junior, O.H.; Calderon, N.H.; De Souza, S.S. Characterization of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Waste Heat Recovery. Energies 2018, 11, 1555. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061555
Ando Junior OH, Calderon NH, De Souza SS. Characterization of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Waste Heat Recovery. Energies. 2018; 11(6):1555. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061555
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndo Junior, Oswaldo Hideo, Nelson H. Calderon, and Samara Silva De Souza. 2018. "Characterization of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Waste Heat Recovery" Energies 11, no. 6: 1555. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061555