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Energies
Volume 11
Issue 6
10.3390/en11061609
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Article

Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production

by
James Bleeg
1,*,
Mark Purcell
2,
Renzo Ruisi
1,3 and
Elizabeth Traiger
1
1
DNV GL, Group Technology & Research, Power & Renewables, Bristol BS2 0PS, UK
2
DNV GL, Energy, Project Development, Melbourne 3008, Australia
3
DNV GL, Energy, Project Development, Glasgow G1 2PR, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2018, 11(6), 1609; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061609
Submission received: 22 March 2018 / Revised: 14 June 2018 / Accepted: 15 June 2018 / Published: 20 June 2018
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Abstract

Measurements taken before and after the commissioning of three wind farms reveal that the wind speeds just upstream of each wind farm decrease relative to locations farther away after the turbines are turned on. At a distance of two rotor diameters upstream, the average derived relative slowdown is 3.4%; at seven to ten rotor diameters upstream, the average slowdown is 1.9%. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations point to wind-farm-scale blockage as the primary cause of these slowdowns. Blockage effects also cause front row turbines to produce less energy than they each would operating in isolation. Wind energy prediction procedures in use today ignore this effect, resulting in an overprediction bias that pervades the entire wind farm.
Keywords: blockage effects; array efficiency; wind resource assessment; turbine interaction; wake effects; induction blockage effects; array efficiency; wind resource assessment; turbine interaction; wake effects; induction
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bleeg, J.; Purcell, M.; Ruisi, R.; Traiger, E. Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production. Energies 2018, 11, 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061609

AMA Style

Bleeg J, Purcell M, Ruisi R, Traiger E. Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production. Energies. 2018; 11(6):1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061609

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bleeg, James, Mark Purcell, Renzo Ruisi, and Elizabeth Traiger. 2018. "Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production" Energies 11, no. 6: 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061609

APA Style

Bleeg, J., Purcell, M., Ruisi, R., & Traiger, E. (2018). Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production. Energies, 11(6), 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061609

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