Emissions from the Road Traffic of West African Cities: Assessment of Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Consumption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Presentation of the Study Site
2.2. The Traffic Monitoring Strategy
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Validation of Traffic Flow Measurement Data
3.2. Traffic Flow
3.3. Composition and Information of Fleets from Survey
3.4. Fuel Consumption (Cday) and Travelling Time (tp)
3.5. Implications for Emission Estimates in African Cities
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | Counting Time | Personal Car | Intra-Communal Sedan Taxi “Wôro Wôro” | Inter-Communal Taxi | Minibus “Gbaka” | Heavy Vehicle (Car, Bus and Truck) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 2016 | 06–18 h | 40,863 | 937 | 20,979 | 8363 | 7218 | 78,360 |
August 2014 | 06–20 h | 28,539 | 0 | 14,631 | 9281 | 7707 | 60,158 |
Road Type | Total | Personal Car | Intra-Communal Sedan Taxi “Wôro wôro” | Inter-Communal Taxi | Minibus “Gbaka” | Heavy Vehicle (Car, Bus and Truck) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highway | 78,360 | 40,863 | 937 | 20,979 | 8363 | 7218 |
Boulevard | 196,210 | 59,960 | 58,363 | 34,571 | 31,975 | 11,341 |
Main road | 91,329 | 23,192 | 28,186 | 20,009 | 14,907 | 5035 |
Secondary road | 39,276 | 8464 | 19,060 | 5782 | 4959 | 1011 |
Backstreet | 700 | 370 | 50 | 245 | 25 | 10 |
Vehicle Type | Engines | Age (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
0–10 Years | More Than 10 Years | ||
Personal car | 74% Diesel and 26% Gasoline | 38 | 62 |
Intra-communal sedan taxi | 100% Diesel | 33 | 67 |
Inter-communal Taxi | 100% Diesel | 29 | 72 |
Minibus | 100% Diesel | 41 | 59 |
Heavy vehicle | 100% Diesel | 35 | 65 |
Vehicle Type | Personal Car | Intra-Communal Sedan Taxi | Inter-Communal Taxi | Minibus | Heavy Car | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G: Gasoline; D: Diesel | (74%D) | (26%G) | (100%D) | (100%D) | (100%D) | (100%D) |
Number of questionnaires sampled | 142 | 49 | 75 | 24 | 145 | 37 |
Daily fuel consumption for a given vehicles | 25 | 15 | 27 | 43 | 47 | 56 |
Cday (MIN) | 2 | 2 | 23 | 35 | 30 | 5 |
Cday (MAX) | 70 | 53 | 35 | 62 | 62 | 100 |
Daily average traveling time (hour) (tp) | 3 | 3 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 |
tp (MIN) | 1 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 6 |
tp (MAX) | 4 | 4 | 21 | 22 | 19 | 24 |
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Doumbia, M.; Toure, N.E.; Silue, S.; Yoboue, V.; Diedhiou, A.; Hauhouot, C. Emissions from the Road Traffic of West African Cities: Assessment of Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Consumption. Energies 2018, 11, 2300. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092300
Doumbia M, Toure NE, Silue S, Yoboue V, Diedhiou A, Hauhouot C. Emissions from the Road Traffic of West African Cities: Assessment of Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Consumption. Energies. 2018; 11(9):2300. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092300
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoumbia, Madina, N’Datchoh E. Toure, Siélé Silue, Véronique Yoboue, Arona. Diedhiou, and Célestin Hauhouot. 2018. "Emissions from the Road Traffic of West African Cities: Assessment of Vehicle Fleet and Fuel Consumption" Energies 11, no. 9: 2300. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092300