Optimal Scheduling of Microgrid with Distributed Power Based on Water Cycle Algorithm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Models of Distributed Power and Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids
2.1. The Structure of the Microgrid
2.2. The Model of Photovoltaic Power Generation ()
2.3. The Model of Wind Power Generation ()
2.4. The Model of Micro Turbine ()
2.5. The Model of Diesel Engine Generator ()
2.6. The Model of Energy Storage System ()
3. Optimized Scheduling Model of the Microgrid
3.1. Objective Function
3.2. Constraints
3.3. Scheduling Strategy in Grid-Connected Mode
4. Water Cycle Algorithm
4.1. The Basic Concepts and Procedures of WCA
4.1.1. Basic Concepts
4.1.2. The Procedure of WCA
4.2. The Characteristics and Development of WCA Algorithm
4.3. The Introduction of Some Other Algorithms
5. Case Study
5.1. The Optimized Result by Using WCA
5.2. The Optimized Result by Using GA, DSA, ISA and WCA
5.3. The Analysis of Simulation Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time slot | Purchasing Price [yuan] | Selling Price [yuan] | Time Slot | Purchasing Price [yuan] | Selling Price [yuan] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.2400 | 0.1836 | 13 | 0.7960 | 0.6209 |
2 | 0.17770 | 0.1356 | 14 | 0.7213 | 0.5770 |
3 | 0.1301 | 0.1015 | 15 | 0.6547 | 0.5107 |
4 | 0.0969 | 0.0746 | 16 | 0.5320 | 0.4150 |
5 | 0.0300 | 0.0234 | 17 | 0.4000 | 0.3120 |
6 | 0.7101 | 0.1310 | 18 | 0.5647 | 0.4320 |
7 | 0.2710 | 0.2113 | 19 | 0.9900 | 0.7723 |
8 | 0.3864 | 0.3014 | 20 | 1.4923 | 1.1620 |
9 | 0.5169 | 0.4032 | 21 | 0.8801 | 0.6690 |
10 | 0.5260 | 0.4050 | 22 | 0.3480 | 0.2732 |
11 | 0.8100 | 0.6299 | 23 | 0.3000 | 0.2350 |
12 | 0.8530 | 0.6225 | 24 | 0.2250 | 0.1730 |
Kinds of DG | Installation Cost/[104 yuan·kW−1] | Operation and Maintenance Cost/[yuan/kW·h] | Life/year |
---|---|---|---|
1.2 | 0.045 | 10 | |
2 | 0.0096 | 20 | |
1 | 0.128 | 10 | |
1.5 | 0.0825 | 10 | |
0.0667 | 0.045 | 10 |
Pollutants | Gas Emission of MT [kg/kW·h] | Gas Emission of FC [kg/kW·h] | Environmental [yuan·kg−1] | Penalty [yuan·kg−1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.188 × 10−4 | 2.300 × 10−5 | 6.8 | 1.7 | |
0.18408 | 0.63504 | 0.00288 | 0.00125 | |
1.702 × 10−4 | 5.440 × 10−5 | 0.12500 | 0.02000 | |
9.280 × 10−7 | 0.00002 | 0.75000 | 0.12500 |
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Yang, X.; Long, J.; Liu, P.; Zhang, X.; Liu, X. Optimal Scheduling of Microgrid with Distributed Power Based on Water Cycle Algorithm. Energies 2018, 11, 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092381
Yang X, Long J, Liu P, Zhang X, Liu X. Optimal Scheduling of Microgrid with Distributed Power Based on Water Cycle Algorithm. Energies. 2018; 11(9):2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092381
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiaohui, Jiating Long, Peiyun Liu, Xiaolong Zhang, and Xiaoping Liu. 2018. "Optimal Scheduling of Microgrid with Distributed Power Based on Water Cycle Algorithm" Energies 11, no. 9: 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092381