A New Bursting Liability Evaluation Index for Coal –The Effective Elastic Strain Energy Release Rate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Uniaxial Compression Test
2.2. Pre-Peak Stress Drop and Bursting Liability
2.3. Energy Evolution under Uniaxial Loading
2.3.1. Unstable Energy Accumulation in the Pre-Peak Stage
2.3.2. Post-peak Energy Release
3. Results—The EESERR Index
3.1. A Bursting Liability Index Based on Energy Evolution
3.2. Index Validation
3.3. Index Simplification
3.4. Index Application
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Brodny, J.; Tutak, M. Analysing the Utilisation Effectiveness of Mining Machines Using Independent Data Acquisition Systems: A case study. Energies 2019, 12, 2505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brodny, J.; Tutak, M. Exposure to Harmful Dusts on Fully Powered Longwall Coal Mines in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yan, P.; Zhao, Z.; Lu, W.; Fan, Y.; Chen, X.; Shan, Z. Mitigation of rock burst events by blasting techniques during deep-tunnel excavation. Eng. Geol. 2015, 188, 126–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, C.; Canbulat, I.; Hebblewhite, B.; Ward, C.R. Assessing coal burst phenomena in mining and insights into directions for future research. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2017, 179, 28–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, G.; Wang, D.; Gao, B.; Wang, S. Modifying rock burst criteria based on observations in a division tunnel. Eng. Geol. 2017, 216, 153–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Turchaninov, I.A.; Markov, G.A.; Gzovsky, M.V.; Kazikayev, D.M.; Frenze, U.K.; Batugin, S.A.; Chabdarova, U.I. State of stress in the upper part of the earth’s crust based on direct measurements in mines and on tectonophysical and seismological studies. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1972, 6, 229–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Russenes, B.F. Analysis of Rock Spalling for Tunnels in Steep Valley Sides; Department of Geology, Norwegian Institute of Technology: Trondheim, Norway, 1974. [Google Scholar]
- Hoek, E.; Brown, E. Practical estimates of rock mass strength. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Géoméch. Abstr. 1997, 34, 1165–1186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Su, G.S.; Shi, Y.J.; Feng, X.T.; Jiang, J.Q.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, Q. True-triaxial experimental study of the evolutionary features of the acoustic emissions and sounds of rockburst processes. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2018, 51, 375–389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.X.; Jiang, Y.D. Acoustic emission and thermal infrared precursors associated with bump-prone coal failure. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2010, 83, 11–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.X.; Jiang, Y.D.; Tian, S.P. Investigation on the characteristics of energy dissipation in the preparation process of coal bumps. J. China Coal Soc. 2010, 35, 1979–1983. [Google Scholar]
- Li, Z.L.; Dou, L.M.; Cai, W.; Wang, G.F.; Ding, Y.L.; Kong, Y. Roadway stagger layout for effective control of gob-side rock bursts in the longwall mining of a thick coal seam. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2016, 49, 621–629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Dou, L.; Cai, W.; Wang, G.; He, J.; Gong, S.; Ding, Y. Investigation and analysis of the rock burst mechanism induced within fault–pillars. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2014, 70, 192–200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hua, A.-Z.; You, M.-Q. Rock failure due to energy release during unloading and application to underground rock burst control. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2001, 16, 241–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mansurov, V.A. Prediction of rockbursts by analysis of induced seismicity data. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2001, 38, 893–901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.-S.; Zhu, Q.-H.; Lu, W.-B. Numerical Simulation of Rock Burst in Circular Tunnels Under Unloading Conditions. J. China Univ. Min. Technol. 2007, 17, 552–556. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.A.; Park, H.D. Comprehensive prediction of rockburst based on analysis of strain energy in rocks. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2001, 16, 49–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cook, N. The design of underground excavations. American Rock Mechanics Association. In American Rock Mechanics Association. In Proceedings of the 8th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS), Minneapolis, MN, USA, 15–17 September 1966. [Google Scholar]
- Neyman, B.; Szecowka, Z.; Zuberek, W. Effective methods for fighting rock burst in Polish collieries. In Proceedings of the 5th International Strata Control Conference, London, UK, September 1972. [Google Scholar]
- Kidybiński, A. Bursting liability indices of coal. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 1981, 18, 295–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, S.P. Burst energy release index. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 1988, 21, 149–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weng, L.; Huang, L.; Taheri, A.; Li, X. Rockburst characteristics and numerical simulation based on a strain energy density index: A case study of a roadway in Linglong gold mine, China. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2017, 69, 223–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beck, D.A.; Brady, B. Evaluation and application of controlling parameters for seismic events in hard-rock mines. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2002, 39, 633–642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Q.; Feng, X.-T.; Xiang, T.-B.; Su, G.-S. Rockburst characteristics and numerical simulation based on a new energy index: a case study of a tunnel at 2,500 m depth. Bull. Int. Assoc. Eng. Geol. 2010, 69, 381–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, J.; Jiang, J.; Xu, N.; Liu, Q.; Gao, Y. A new energy index for evaluating the tendency of rockburst and its engineering application. Eng. Geol. 2017, 230, 46–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.Y.; Feng, G.R.; Kang, L.X.; Yang, S.S. Method to determine burst tendency of coal rock by residual energy emission speed. J. China Coal Soci. 2009, 9, 1165–1168. [Google Scholar]
- Miao, S.J.; Cai, M.F.; Guo, Q.F.; Huang, Z.J. Rock burst prediction based on in-situ stress and energy accumulation theory. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2016, 83, 86–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, C.; Canbulat, I.; Tahmasebinia, F.; Hebblewhite, B. Assessment of energy release mechanisms contributing to coal burst. Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 2017, 27, 43–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, C.; Tahmasebinia, F.; Canbulat, I.; Vardar, O.; Saydam, S. Analytical Determination of Energy Release in a Coal Mass. Energies 2018, 11, 285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, X.; Ren, T.; Remennikov, A.; He, X.; Tan, L. Analysis of Energy Accumulation and Dissipation of Coal Bursts. Energies 2018, 11, 1816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zheng, Z.S. Energy transfer process during rock deformation. Sci. China Ser. B 1991, 1, 104–117. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, P.; Liu, H.; Zhou, W. Experimental study on failure behaviour of deep tunnels under high in-situ stresses. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2015, 46, 28–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Munoz, H.; Taheri, A.; Chanda, E.K. Pre-Peak and Post-Peak Rock Strain Characteristics During Uniaxial Compression by 3D Digital Image Correlation. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2016, 49, 2541–2554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yamada, I.; Masuda, K.; Mizutani, H. Electromagnetic and acoustic emission associated with rock fracture. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1989, 57, 157–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xie, H.P.; Ju, Y.; Li, L.Y. Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 2005, 24, 3003–3010. [Google Scholar]
- Pan, Y.S.; Geng, L.; Li, Z.H. Research on evaluation indices for impact tendency and danger of coal seam. J. China Coal Soc. 2010, 12, 1975–1978. [Google Scholar]
- Paterson, M.S.; Wong, T.F. Experimental Rock Deformation—The Brittle Field; Springer Science & Business Media: Berlin, Germany, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Tarasov, B.; Potvin, Y. Universal criteria for rock brittleness estimation under triaxial compression. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2013, 59, 57–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Category | No Bursting Liability | Weak Bursting Liability | Strong Bursting Liability |
---|---|---|---|
UCS (MPa) | <7 | 7 ≤ UCS < 14 | ≥14 |
DT (ms) | >500 | 50 < DT ≤ 500 | ≤50 |
EESERR | <0.0163 | 0.0163 ≤ Bv < 0.653 | ≥0.653 |
E (GPa) | UCS (MPa) | RS (MPa) | WP (J·m−3) | WPE (J·m−3) | WRE (J·m−3) | WET | KE | DT (ms) | WT (s−1) | EESERR | Bursting Liability Evaluation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 3.147 | 45.998 | 0 | 0.4732 | 0.3361 | 0 | 2.453 | 23.670 | 16.303 | 1451.927 | 20.618 | strong |
C2 | 2.934 | 48.473 | 18.339 | 0.4090 | 0.4004 | 0.05731 | 46.802 | 59.817 | 30.777 | 1943.564 | 11.148 | strong |
C3 | 2.448 | 17.903 | 0 | 0.1258 | 0.0604 | 0 | 0.925 | 6.992 | 519.906 | 13.448 | 0.116 | weak |
C4 | 2.931 | 21.585 | 7.533 | 0.1553 | 0.0795 | 0.0097 | 1.049 | 19.918 | 226.625 | 87.891 | 0.308 | weak |
C5 | 2.754 | 18.811 | 0 | 0.1765 | 0.0642 | 0 | 0.572 | 30.495 | 136.191 | 223.915 | 0.472 | weak |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
LU, Z.; JU, W.; GAO, F.; FENG, Y.; SUN, Z.; WANG, H.; YI, K. A New Bursting Liability Evaluation Index for Coal –The Effective Elastic Strain Energy Release Rate. Energies 2019, 12, 3734. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193734
LU Z, JU W, GAO F, FENG Y, SUN Z, WANG H, YI K. A New Bursting Liability Evaluation Index for Coal –The Effective Elastic Strain Energy Release Rate. Energies. 2019; 12(19):3734. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193734
Chicago/Turabian StyleLU, Zhiguo, Wenjun JU, Fuqiang GAO, Youliang FENG, Zhuoyue SUN, Hao WANG, and Kang YI. 2019. "A New Bursting Liability Evaluation Index for Coal –The Effective Elastic Strain Energy Release Rate" Energies 12, no. 19: 3734. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193734