Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sludge Sample Preparation
2.2. Analysis of Lipid Content
2.3. In Situ Transesterification
2.4. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and Pyrosequencing Analysis
2.5. Analytical Methods
2.6. Principal Component Analysis and Weighted Euclidean Distance
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Lipid Content of Sewage Sludge
3.2. Crude Biodiesel Potential of Sewage Sludge
3.3. FAME Composition of Sewage Sludge Crude Biodiesel
3.4. Effect of Microbial Community Structure on FAMEs Recovered from WAS
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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STP Site | Influent Type | Sewer System (%) | Process Capacity (m3/day) | Biological Process | Solid Retention Time (days) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combined | Separated | |||||
J | Domestic | 92 | 8 | 1,590,000 | MLE 1 | 15–20 |
D | Domestic | 47 | 53 | 900,000 | A2/O 2 | 4–10 |
H | Domestic | 37 | 63 | 7200 | NPR 3 | 10–15 |
STP Site | Type | TS (%) | VS/TS (%) | Lipid Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
J | PS | 2.07 (±0.03) | 82.51 (±0.79) | 14.01 (±0.50) |
WAS | 2.24 (±0.08) | 81.46 (±0.98) | 11.55 (±0.79) | |
D 1 | PS | 4.58 (±0.09) | 83.89 (±1.83) | 16.06 (±0.93) |
WAS | 5.15 (±0.06) | 76.48 (±0.87) | 10.88 (±0.10) | |
H | PS | 2.11 (±0.05) | 81.71 (±3.66) | 16.78 (±0.12) |
WAS | 1.73 (±0.02) | 87.13 (±0.98) | 11.68 (±0.27) |
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Choi, O.K.; Hendren, Z.; Park, K.Y.; Kim, J.-K.; Park, J.Y.; Son, A.; Lee, J.W. Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). Energies 2019, 12, 3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203952
Choi OK, Hendren Z, Park KY, Kim J-K, Park JY, Son A, Lee JW. Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). Energies. 2019; 12(20):3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203952
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Oh Kyung, Zachary Hendren, Ki Young Park, Jae-Kon Kim, Jo Yong Park, Ahjeong Son, and Jae Woo Lee. 2019. "Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)" Energies 12, no. 20: 3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203952