Experimental Demonstration of Deterministic Chaos in a Waste Oil Biodiesel Semi-Industrial Furnace Combustion System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Apparatus, Operating Conditions
2.1. Experimental Apparatus
2.2. Operating Conditions
2.3. Image Processing and Signal Analysis
3. Diagnostic Tools
3.1. Power Spectrum Analysis of Time Series
3.2. Reconstruction Phase Space
3.3. Largest Lyapunov Exponent
3.4. The 0-1 Test Method
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Flame Image Feature
4.2. Power Spectrum Analysis of Time Series
4.3. Phase Reconstruction Method
4.4. 0-1 Test Results
4.5. Calculation Results of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
cov | coefficient of variation |
LLE | largest Lyapunov exponent |
MSD | mean square displacement |
mean | mean value |
FFT | fast Fourier transform |
PSD | power spectral density |
DFT | discrete Fourier transform |
symbols | |
c | random value |
Dc(n) | modified mean square displacement |
λ | largest Lyapunov exponent |
Mc(n) | mean square displacement |
m | embedding dimension |
p(n) | translation variable |
q(n) | translation variable |
ts | time parameter |
t | time |
τ | delay time |
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Name | Kinematic Viscosity | Surface Tension | Flash Point | Thermal Value | Condensation Point | Cetane Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Waste oil biodiesel | 4.61 m2/s | 28.3 mN/m | 152 °C | 38.98 MJ/kg | 6 °C | 51 |
Gray Scale | Oxygen Enrichment Concentration | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21% | 25% | 28% | 31% | 33% | |
70 | 1.3260 | 1.3187 | 1.2078 | 1.7055 | 1.9866 |
170 | 0.9812 | 0.6193 | 0.3063 | 3.0770 | 2.8896 |
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Gao, S.; Li, F.; Xiao, Q.; Xu, J.; Wang, H.; Wang, H. Experimental Demonstration of Deterministic Chaos in a Waste Oil Biodiesel Semi-Industrial Furnace Combustion System. Energies 2019, 12, 4479. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234479
Gao S, Li F, Xiao Q, Xu J, Wang H, Wang H. Experimental Demonstration of Deterministic Chaos in a Waste Oil Biodiesel Semi-Industrial Furnace Combustion System. Energies. 2019; 12(23):4479. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234479
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Shengyang, Fashe Li, Qingtai Xiao, Jianxin Xu, Huage Wang, and Hua Wang. 2019. "Experimental Demonstration of Deterministic Chaos in a Waste Oil Biodiesel Semi-Industrial Furnace Combustion System" Energies 12, no. 23: 4479. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234479