Switching Characteristics Optimization of Two-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC/DC for Electric Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modeling and Control of Two-Phase Interleaved Bi-DC/DC
2.1. Modeling of the Bi-DC/DC
2.2. The Controller Design of the Bi-DC/DC
3. Optimizing of the Mode Switching
3.1. The Switching Characteristics of Bi-DC/DC
- (1)
- When mode switching starts, the Q1 is turned off and the Q3 is operated in the high frequency switching mode. The initial inductor current (i0) does not suddenly change its direction, so the current will still flow in the direction of the red arrow (Figure 5b);
- (2)
- In the second step, the initial current will gradually decrease from i0 to 0. During this period, whether Q3 is turned on or turned off, the current will flow in the direction of the red arrow and gradually decrease. This means that the system is out of control during this period and it is impossible to control the inductor current;
- (3)
- After the inductor current is reduced to zero, the system switches to Boost mode. Then the output voltage and current can be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of Q3, and the switching from Buck mode to Boost mode is successfully completed.
3.2. The Mode Switching Method Based on Optimal Bézier Curve of MOPSO
3.3. Analysis of Mode Switching Process
4. Experimental Results
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- When Bi-DC/DC mode switching with step signal is carried out, the process will be out of control and a large current overshoot will be generated at its beginning. The result of the prototype test shows that the step switching method produces 44% overshoot.
- (2)
- The current overshoot can be avoided when the mode switching is carried out by a constant slope linear switching method, but the switching time will be prolonged.
- (3)
- A fast and non-overshoot mode switching can be achieved when switching is performed based on the optimized Bézier curve. Using this optimal mode switching method, the prototype test results show that there is no overshoot when the load current is switched from −175 A to 175 A, and the switching time is 2.52 ms.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
High side voltage range | 280–420 V |
Low side voltage range | 110–230 V |
Rated inductor current | 250 A |
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Wang, F.; Luo, Y.; Li, H.; Xu, X. Switching Characteristics Optimization of Two-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC/DC for Electric Vehicles. Energies 2019, 12, 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030378
Wang F, Luo Y, Li H, Xu X. Switching Characteristics Optimization of Two-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC/DC for Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2019; 12(3):378. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030378
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Feng, Yutao Luo, Hongluo Li, and Xiaotong Xu. 2019. "Switching Characteristics Optimization of Two-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC/DC for Electric Vehicles" Energies 12, no. 3: 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030378