Static Operational Impacts of Residential Solar PV Plants on the Medium Voltage Distribution Grids—A Case Study Based on the Danish Island Bornholm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. State-of-the-Art
1.3. The Scope of the Case Study
2. Methods
2.1. The Bornholm Power System
2.2. Assessment of the Reactive Power Provision
- Lagging PF: equivalent to the over-excited synchronous generator, inverter exports both P and Q, operation in the first quadrant;
- Leading PF: equivalent to the under-excited synchronous generator, inverter exports P and imports Q, operation in the fourth quadrant.
2.3. Load and PV Generation Profile Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. PF(P) Control
3.2. Constant PF Control
3.3. Constant Q Control
3.4. Summary of Case Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Entire Denmark | Bornholm |
---|---|---|
Population (thousand) | 5806 | 39.715 |
Area (km2) | Approx. 42,934.10 | Approx. 588.40 |
Peak load (MW) | Approx. 6000 | 55 |
Annual energy consumption (GWh) | Approx. 36,000 | Approx. 262 |
Number of transformer stations | Approx. 70,000 | Approx. 1000 |
Control Methods | Power Loss of the Entire Grid (MW) | Max. Number of Overvoltage Buses | Max. Number of Overload Transformers | Max. Bus Voltage (p.u.) | Max. Transformer Loading Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PF(P) | 1.17 | 3 | 6 | 1.118 | 218.99 |
Constant PF | 1.16 | 309 | 6 | 1.115 | 218.9 |
Constant Q | 1.21 to1.54 | 4 to82 | 4 to 5 | 1.157 | 219.76 |
Control Methods | Power Loss of the Entire Grid (MW) | Max. Number of Overvoltage Buses | Max. Number of Overload Transformers | Max. Bus Voltage (p.u.) | Max. Transformer Loading Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PF(P) | 1.15 | 6 | 6 | 1.125 | 218.96 |
Constant PF | 1.13 | 68 | 7 | 1.115 | 218.9 |
Constant Q | 1.19 to 1.52 | 31 to 107 | 4 to 5 | 1.166 | 219.76 |
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Wang, Z.; Yang, G. Static Operational Impacts of Residential Solar PV Plants on the Medium Voltage Distribution Grids—A Case Study Based on the Danish Island Bornholm. Energies 2019, 12, 1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081458
Wang Z, Yang G. Static Operational Impacts of Residential Solar PV Plants on the Medium Voltage Distribution Grids—A Case Study Based on the Danish Island Bornholm. Energies. 2019; 12(8):1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081458
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ziyu, and Guangya Yang. 2019. "Static Operational Impacts of Residential Solar PV Plants on the Medium Voltage Distribution Grids—A Case Study Based on the Danish Island Bornholm" Energies 12, no. 8: 1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081458