The Identification and Rebound Effect Evaluation of Equipment Energy Efficiency Improvement Policy: A Case Study on Japan’s Top Runner Policy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Review on Impact Analysis of Energy Efficiency Improvement and Carbon Emission Reduction at National Level
1.2. Content and Contribution
- (1)
- The energy and environmental contribution evaluation method of equipment energy efficiency improvement policy is proposed and verified by the case study of Japan (Top Runner Policy, TRP).
- (2)
- The CO2 rebound effect of energy efficiency improvement of passenger cars, air conditioning and lighting equipment are analyzed, and the emission reduction effects of short-term and life cycle are compared.
- (3)
- It provides a theoretical reference for the energy and environmental impact analysis of equipment energy efficiency at the national level.
2. Methodology
2.1. Factor Decomposition
2.2. Moving Windows and Correlation Analysis
2.3. Life Cycle Rebound Effect
3. Research Objects and Analysis
3.1. Factor Decomposition of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Potential
3.2. Identification of Top Runner Policy (TRP) and Analysis of Its Influence Lag
3.2.1. Overview of TRP
3.2.2. Policy Identification and Impact Lag Analysis
4. Comprehensive Evaluation of Specific Equipment in TRP
4.1. Impact Analysis of Equipment Energy Efficiency Improvement
4.2. CO2 Rebound Effect Analysis
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- In terms of the overall effect of the policy, through moving window and correlation analysis, the effects of TRP in the tertiary industry, transportation and residential were identified and analyzed. Among them, the effect in the tertiary industry was the best. In the field of transportation and family, although affected by other earlier energy-saving policies, it still had a certain effect.
- (2)
- In terms of specific equipment, the energy and environmental impacts of the specific equipment involved in the TRP were analyzed through correlation analysis in different stages. For energy saving, most of the equipment had a positive impact, especially business air conditioning, business cold storage, microwave oven and passenger cars. For emission reduction, the tertiary industry and transportation had a positive impact, but the effect in the family area was not obvious.
- (3)
- In terms of short-term and long-term impacts, the short-term and long-term rebound effects of CO2 emissions were analyzed from use stage, whole stage and life cycle perspectives. The REC of fluorescent lamp lighting was only 0.15 in both short-term and long-term, and the effect of energy-saving and emission reduction was basically offset. Air conditioning and passenger cars had better short-term effect, and the index REC of rebound effect was 1.16 and 1.24, respectively. For long-term effect, air conditioning had the best effect. Therefore, although the effect of TRP in the field of emission reduction was not obvious at present, the effect of equipment will gradually appear over time.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Type | Manufacture and Transportation (kgCO2) | The End of Use (kgCO2) | Service Life (Year) | Use | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Type | Carbon Emission | ||||
Spherical light | 11.525 | 0.89 | 7.5 | electricity | 0.455 kgCO2/kWh |
Household air-conditioning | 147 | 10 | 15.7 | electricity | 0.455 kgCO2/kWh |
Passenger car | 6000 | 300 | 13 | gasoline | 2.3 kgCO2/L |
Type | Rebound Effect of the Carbon Footprint (REC) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Use Stage | Whole Stage | Life Cycle | Volatility in Life Cycle (Variance) | |
Spherical light | 0.150 | 0.167 | 0.152 | 0.016 |
Household air-conditioning | 1.144 | 1.161 | 1.145 | 0.028 |
Passenger car | 0.414 | 1.235 | 0.448 | 2.182 |
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Yu, D.; Dewancker, B.; Qian, F. The Identification and Rebound Effect Evaluation of Equipment Energy Efficiency Improvement Policy: A Case Study on Japan’s Top Runner Policy. Energies 2020, 13, 4397. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174397
Yu D, Dewancker B, Qian F. The Identification and Rebound Effect Evaluation of Equipment Energy Efficiency Improvement Policy: A Case Study on Japan’s Top Runner Policy. Energies. 2020; 13(17):4397. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174397
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Dan, Bart Dewancker, and Fanyue Qian. 2020. "The Identification and Rebound Effect Evaluation of Equipment Energy Efficiency Improvement Policy: A Case Study on Japan’s Top Runner Policy" Energies 13, no. 17: 4397. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174397