Computational Analysis of Water-Submerged Jet Erosion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Problem Definition
2. Computational Modeling
2.1. Flow Model
2.2. Particle Tracking
2.3. Erosion Model
2.4. Model Validation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Nozzle Inlet Velocity
3.2. Effect of Nozzle Inlet Diameter
3.3. Effect of Particle Diameter
3.4. Effect of Nozzle–Target Distance/Stand-Off Height
3.5. Effect of Nozzle Shape
3.6. Effect of Impingement Angle
4. Conclusions
- Increasing the inlet velocity leads to higher thickness loss due to increased particle impact velocity.
- The maximum thickness loss increases with increasing particle size except for 100 μm, which produced the highest. This can be attributed to closeness of the maximum erosion rate for 100 μm particle size to the choice of the jet impingement angle (in this case, 90°).
- As the nozzle size increases, the maximum thickness loss increases due to the high particle density.
- Similarly, the peak thickness loss increases slightly with increasing separation from the target.
- Finally, the erosion pattern for rectangular and elliptical nozzle is skewed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
3D | three dimensional |
CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
Cd | particle drag coefficient |
DPM | discrete phase model |
DRW | discrete random walk |
Erate | erosion rate (kg/m2-s) |
ER | erosion ratio (kg/kg) |
g | gravitational acceleration (m/s2) |
k | turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) |
MDM | moving deformation mesh |
P | mean fluid pressure (N/m2) |
Rep | particle Reynolds number |
SST | shear stress transport |
t | test duration (s) |
TL | thickness loss (μm) |
Vp | particle impact velocity (m/s) |
Greek Symbols | |
α | particle impact angle (o) |
μ | turbulent viscosity (kg/m-s) |
ω | specific dissipation rate (1/s) |
ρ | density (kg/m3) |
residence time (s) | |
θ | jet impingement angle (o) |
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Surface/Boundary | Momentum Equation | Discrete Phase Equation |
---|---|---|
Nozzle inlet | Velocity inlet (V = Vinlet) | Escape |
Nozzle wall | No slip (u = 0, v = 0, w = 0) | Escape |
Target wall | No slip (u = 0, v = 0, w = 0) | Reflect |
Far-away domain surface | Pressure outlet (P = 0 gage) | Escape |
K | N | t (h) | |
---|---|---|---|
2.17 × 10−8 | 2.41 | 6 | 8000 |
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Ben-Mansour, R.; Badr, H.M.; Araoye, A.A.; Toor, I.U.H. Computational Analysis of Water-Submerged Jet Erosion. Energies 2021, 14, 3074. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113074
Ben-Mansour R, Badr HM, Araoye AA, Toor IUH. Computational Analysis of Water-Submerged Jet Erosion. Energies. 2021; 14(11):3074. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113074
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen-Mansour, Rached, Hassan M. Badr, Abdulrazaq A. Araoye, and Ihsan Ul Haq Toor. 2021. "Computational Analysis of Water-Submerged Jet Erosion" Energies 14, no. 11: 3074. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113074