Community Capacity-Building Mobilization towards Energy Transitions in the Era of Thailand 4.0: A Case Study on Biomass Power Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Conceptual Framework
- (1)
- CRM serves the fundamental status of the community, such as readiness, engagement, and impact-related pain point levels.
- (2)
- CHIA explores how to mobilize and strengthen community capacity in learning and resilience towards challenges. It consists of 3 steps: plan, action, and evaluation.
- (3)
- Public Policy (PP) results from both CRM and CHIA processes to provide the ultimate goal(s) and the means to achieve them.
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Study Participants and Informants
2.4. Research Instruments and Data Collection
2.4.1. Quantitative Study
2.4.2. Qualitative Study
2.5. Analysis and Ethics Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Background Characteristics of Respondents
3.2. Community Preparation Estimation
3.2.1. Community Engagement
3.2.2. Pain Point Score
3.3. Community Mobilization Using CHIA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Data | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 488 | 48.85 |
Female | 510 | 51.05 |
Age range (years) | ||
20–40 | 495 | 49.55 |
41–60 | 504 | 50.45 |
Education | ||
High School | 133 | 13.31 |
Diploma | 436 | 43.64 |
Higher | 430 | 43.04 |
Stakeholder Type | ||
Residents | 231 | 23.12 |
Health providers | 89 | 8.91 |
Lawyer/Consultants | 15 | 1.50 |
Village representatives | 332 | 33.23 |
Academic institutes | 44 | 4.40 |
News reporters | 29 | 2.90 |
Small businesses | 58 | 5.81 |
Civil society/NGOs | 488 | 48.85 |
CRM Dimension | Level (Mean ± S.D) | Readiness Stage |
---|---|---|
Knowledge | 1.24 ± 0.05 | No Awareness |
Efforts | 2.26 ± 0.09 | Denial/Resistance |
Knowledge of Efforts | 3.35 ± 0.13 | Vague Awareness |
Leadership | 3.09 ± 0.16 | Vague Awareness |
Climate | 4.01 ± 0.16 | Preplanning |
Resources | 4.08 ± 0.09 | Preplanning |
Overall Readiness Score | 3.01 ± 0.11 | Vague Awareness |
Impact Consequences | Mean ± S.D. | Pain Points Level |
---|---|---|
Air pollutions /PM 2.5 | 9.98 ± 1.09 | excruciating unbearable |
Respiratory problems | 9.99 ± 1.01 | excruciating unbearable |
Skin irritation | 6.23 ± 0.15 | very intense |
Eye irritation | 8.45 ± 0.49 | excruciating unbearable |
Sound/noise disturbing | 6.62 ± 0.08 | very intense |
Odor/smell disturbing | 7.31 ± 0.15 | very intense |
Dust/Cleanliness | 7.35 ± 0.34 | very intense |
Water-soil source contamination | 9.01 ± 1.02 | excruciating unbearable |
Community conflicts | 8.99 ± 1.02 | excruciating unbearable |
Land use | 9.02 ± 1.11 | excruciating unbearable |
Crowded traffic/Road accident | 7.48 ± 0.86 | very intense |
Children safety | 8.85 ± 0.86 | excruciating unbearable |
Community discipline | 4.44 ± 0.08 | very distressing |
Unexpected criminal case | 7.22 ± 0.57 | very intense |
Alcohol Tobacco and Drug uncontrollable | 4.54 ± 0.09 | very distressing |
Disease control and public health problems | 8.84 ± 0.57 | excruciating unbearable |
Illegal immigration | 5.58 ± 0.33 | very distressing |
Overall Pain Point Scores | 7.64 ± 0.54 | very intense |
Demographic Data | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 102 | 66.67 |
Female | 51 | 33.33 |
Age range (years) | ||
20–40 | 36 | 23.53 |
41–60 | 83 | 54.25 |
61–80 | 27 | 17.65 |
>80 | 7 | 4.58 |
Community Role | ||
Leaders | 6 | 3.92 |
Health volunteers | 36 | 23.53 |
Government sector | 11 | 7.19 |
Civil society | 16 | 10.46 |
Community members | 84 | 54.90 |
Length of residence (years) | ||
<10 | 8 | 5.23 |
10–20 | 27 | 17.65 |
>20 | 118 | 77.12 |
Community Mobilization Steps | Collective Action and Responsibility | |
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Before Investment | During Power Generation | |
1. Strategic management plan | ||
First |
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Second |
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Third |
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2. Implementation | ||
First |
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Second |
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Third |
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3. Monitoring and evaluation | ||
First |
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Second |
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Third |
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Homket, Y.; Sutheravut, P.; Nima, S. Community Capacity-Building Mobilization towards Energy Transitions in the Era of Thailand 4.0: A Case Study on Biomass Power Plants. Energies 2021, 14, 5219. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175219
Homket Y, Sutheravut P, Nima S. Community Capacity-Building Mobilization towards Energy Transitions in the Era of Thailand 4.0: A Case Study on Biomass Power Plants. Energies. 2021; 14(17):5219. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175219
Chicago/Turabian StyleHomket, Yuttana, Pongthep Sutheravut, and Sawpheeyah Nima. 2021. "Community Capacity-Building Mobilization towards Energy Transitions in the Era of Thailand 4.0: A Case Study on Biomass Power Plants" Energies 14, no. 17: 5219. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175219