Next Article in Journal
A Novel Methodology for Optimal SVC Location Considering N-1 Contingencies and Reactive Power Flows Reconfiguration
Previous Article in Journal
Power System Stabilizer as a Part of a Generator MPC Adaptive Predictive Control System
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Energies
Volume 14
Issue 20
10.3390/en14206649
energies-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Units Modelling for Power Flow Analysis of Electric Distribution Networks

by
Mario Llamas-Rivas
1,
Alejandro Pizano-Martínez
2,*,
Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel
1,
Luis R. Merchan-Villalba
2,
José M. Lozano-García
2,
Enrique A. Zamora-Cárdenas
2 and
Víctor J. Gutiérrez-Martínez
2
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6649; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206649
Submission received: 3 September 2021 / Revised: 29 September 2021 / Accepted: 11 October 2021 / Published: 14 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Topic Power System Modeling and Control)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) power units, which produce electrical energy from salinity gradient sources located at coastlines, are a technology still in the process of maturation; however, there is an expectation that this technology will need to be integrated into electrical distribution networks. Such integration will drive changes in the electric response of the distribution systems which may lead to harmful operating conditions. Power flow analysis is a tool used to reveal the steady-state operating condition of distribution systems and which could be extended to study and address the integration of PRO power units. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such extension of power flow analysis has not yet been addressed in the literature. Accordingly, this paper comprehensively provides a model to evaluate the electric current and complex power produced by PRO power units. This model is directly embedded in the forward-backward sweep (FBS) method, extending the power flow analysis of electric distribution systems in this way so as to consider the integration of PRO power units. The resulting approach permits revealing of the steady-state operating response of distribution systems and the effects that may be driven by the integration of PRO power units, as corroborated through numerical results on a 14-node test distribution system.
Keywords: salinity gradient; PRO power units; electric distribution systems; power flow analysis salinity gradient; PRO power units; electric distribution systems; power flow analysis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Llamas-Rivas, M.; Pizano-Martínez, A.; Fuerte-Esquivel, C.R.; Merchan-Villalba, L.R.; Lozano-García, J.M.; Zamora-Cárdenas, E.A.; Gutiérrez-Martínez, V.J. Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Units Modelling for Power Flow Analysis of Electric Distribution Networks. Energies 2021, 14, 6649. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206649

AMA Style

Llamas-Rivas M, Pizano-Martínez A, Fuerte-Esquivel CR, Merchan-Villalba LR, Lozano-García JM, Zamora-Cárdenas EA, Gutiérrez-Martínez VJ. Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Units Modelling for Power Flow Analysis of Electric Distribution Networks. Energies. 2021; 14(20):6649. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206649

Chicago/Turabian Style

Llamas-Rivas, Mario, Alejandro Pizano-Martínez, Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel, Luis R. Merchan-Villalba, José M. Lozano-García, Enrique A. Zamora-Cárdenas, and Víctor J. Gutiérrez-Martínez. 2021. "Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Units Modelling for Power Flow Analysis of Electric Distribution Networks" Energies 14, no. 20: 6649. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206649

APA Style

Llamas-Rivas, M., Pizano-Martínez, A., Fuerte-Esquivel, C. R., Merchan-Villalba, L. R., Lozano-García, J. M., Zamora-Cárdenas, E. A., & Gutiérrez-Martínez, V. J. (2021). Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Units Modelling for Power Flow Analysis of Electric Distribution Networks. Energies, 14(20), 6649. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206649

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop